Blood brain barrier, blood supply, CSF, meninges

Question 1

What is perfusion?

Answer 1

delivery of blood to tissues

Question 2

What areas does the basilar artery supply blood to?

Answer 2

the posterior portion of the circle of Willis (a.k.a. posterior cerebral artery or PCA) and the posterior and inferior portions of the brain.

Question 3

The basilar artery consists of

Answer 3

left and right vertebral arteries of the heart’s aorta

Question 4

The _______ joins the basilar artery to the anterior portion of the distribution of blood in the circle of Willis.

Answer 4

posterior communicating artery

Question 5

What arteries from the heart enter the brain?

Answer 5

internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

Question 6

The internal carotid arteries supply blood to which arteries of the circle of Willis?

Answer 6

anterior cerebral arteries and middle cerebral arteries

Question 7

The ______ joins the anterior cerebral arteries and middle cerebral arteries.

Answer 7

anterior communicating artery

Question 8

What are the 3 main paired blood vessels that supply most of the oxygenated blood to the brain?

Answer 8

ACA (anterior cerebral artery), MCA (middle cerebral artery), and PCA (posterior cerebral artery)

Question 9

What is a watershed region?

Answer 9

area where different regions of brain tissue can receive blood from the ACA, MCA, and PCA.

Question 10

Which cerebral artery supplies blood to Broca’s area?

Answer 10

middle cerebral artery

Question 11

Which cerebral artery supplies blood to Wernicke’s area?

Answer 11

middle cerebral artery

Question 12

Which cerebral artery supplies blood to the lateral and medial surfaces of the prefrontal cortices

Answer 12

anterior cerebral artery

Question 13

Which cerebral artery supplies blood to the lateral and medial surfaces of the supplementary motor area?

Answer 13

anterior cerebral artery

Question 14

Which cerebral artery supplies blood to parts of the primary motor strip?

Answer 14

middle cerebral artery

Question 15

Which cerebral artery supplies blood to the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 15

middle cerebral artery

Question 16

Which cerebral artery supplies blood to the visual corticies?

Answer 16

posterior cerebral artery

Question 17

Which cerebral artery supplies blood to the temporal lobe?

Answer 17

posterior cerebral artery

Question 18

Which cerebral artery supplies blood to the superior and medial parietal lobes?

Answer 18

posterior cerebral artery

Question 19

What is the circle of Willis?

Answer 19

A network of blood vessels found on the inferior (bottom) side of of the brain that supplies blood to it. it receives oxygenated blood from the basilar arteries and internal carotid arteries and sends it to the cerebrum via cerebral arteries

Question 20

What artery supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord?

Answer 20

anterior spinal artery

Question 21

What artery supplies the posterior portion of the spinal cord?

Answer 21

posterior spinal artery

Question 22

What parts of the brainstem and/or spinal cord does the basilar artery supply blood to?

Answer 22

the anterior 1/3 of the midbrain and anterior-medial 2/3 of the pons

Question 23

What parts of the brainstem and/or spinal cord does the vertebral artery supply blood to?

Answer 23

the medulla: posterior medial of the rostral portion and medial 1/3 of the caudal portion

Question 24

What is the blood brain barrier?

Answer 24

protective mechanism that prevents large viruses, pathogens, and drugs from entering the brain

Question 25

What are the meninges?

Answer 25

3 layers of tissue that surround the external and medial sections of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord

Question 26

What is the order of the meninges from superficial (surface) to deep?

Answer 26

dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater

Question 27

What are ventricles? How many of them are there?

Answer 27

They are hollow cavities filled with CSF. There are four of them: 1 in each hemisphere, 1 3rd ventricle, and 1 4th one

Question 28

What is CSF?

Answer 28

fluid produced by specialized ependymal cells called the choroid plexus

Question 29

What are the functions of CSF?

Answer 29

keeps the brain floating; provides nutrients to the meninges and circulates neuroactive hormones; it collects waste, keeps the brain and spinal cord from directly contacting each other.

Question 30

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 30

water in the brain due to too much CSF build up in the brain or too litte CSF because of disruptions to CSF flow.

Question 31

The _______ supplies blood to the thalamus

Answer 31

posterior cerebral artery

Question 32

What cerebral arteries supply blood to the putamen and head of caudate?

Answer 32

ACA and MCA

Question 33

What cerebral arteries supply blood to the globus pallidus?

Answer 33

MCA and anterior choroidal artery

Question 34

The ______ supplies blood to the tail of caudate

Answer 34

anterior choroidal artery

Question 35

The _______ supplies blood to the telencephalon and most of the diencephalon.

Answer 35

carotid artery

Question 36

The ______ supplies blood to the cerebellum and brainstem (bits of temporal, occipital, and diencephalon)

Answer 36

vertebral basilar artery

Question 37

Where is the anterior cerebral artery located?

Answer 37

superior to the optic nerve

Question 38

Where is the middle cerebral artery located?

Answer 38

by the lateral sulcus

Question 39

What parts of the brain does the ACA supply blood to ?

Answer 39

The medial parietal and frontal lobes

Question 40

What parts of the brain does the MCA supply blood to?

Answer 40

the lateral frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes of the brain

Question 41

What does the dura mater protect the brain from?

Answer 41

it protects the brain from the bony projections of the skull

Question 42

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

Answer 42

periosteal layer and meningeal layer

Question 43

There should be no space between the

Answer 43

periosteal layer and bones that protect the CNS

Question 44

If trauma to the brain creates a space between the periosteal layer and bones of the CNS, then what is that space called?

Answer 44

epidural space

Question 45

What are hemorrhages between dura mater and arachnoid mater called?

Answer 45

subdural hematomas

Question 46

What are some of the enfoldings of the dura mater?

Answer 46

falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, and tentorium cerebelli

Question 47

Where is the falx cerebri?

Answer 47

it extends from dura mater covering the sagittal sulcus down into the gap between the left and right hemispheres

Question 48

Where is the falx cerebelli?

Answer 48

extends into the left and right areas of the cerebellum

Question 49

Where is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 49

it extends horizontally in the space between occipital lobe and cerebellum

Question 50

The _____ space has the cerebellum and brainstem, whereas the ______ space has the left and right hemispheres.

Answer 50

infratentorial space; supratentorial space

Question 51

What is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 51

space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater that has CSF.

Question 52

What are the arachnoid granulations?

Answer 52

protrusions on the arachnoid membrane that absorb CSF into the bloodstream

Question 53

What does the pia mater stick to?

Answer 53

It sticks to the cerebrum

Question 54

What lining of the blood vessel doesn't let large molecules pass through?

Answer 54

endothelial (inner) lining

Question 55

The choroid plexus has what type of lining?

Answer 55

epithelial lining

Question 56

Communicating hydrocephalus is

Answer 56

arachnoid villi do not reabsorb CSF

Question 57

Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is

Answer 57

issue with CSF flow in the ventricles

Question 58

Putamen and head of caudate are supplied by the ______

Answer 58

ACA and MCA

Question 59

Tail of caudate is supplied by ______

Answer 59

Anterior choroid artery

Question 60

Globus pallidus is supplied by _____

Answer 60

MCA and anterior choroid artery

Question 61

Thalamus is supplied by the ____

Answer 61

PCA

Question 62

Nystagmus and vertigo are caused by an occlusion to which artery?

Answer 62

PCA or superior cerebellar artery

Question 63

The lateral and medial surfaces of the prefrontal cortex are supplied by ______

Answer 63

ACA

Question 64

The lateral and medial surfaces of the primary motor cortex are supplied by the ______

Answer 64

ACA

Question 65

The lateral and medial surfaces of the supplementary motor area are supplied by the _____

Answer 65

ACA

Question 66

Midbrain is supplied by the

Answer 66

PCA

Question 67

Blood brain barrier consists of which type of lining?

Answer 67

endothelial