BLOOD* CH 18 Flashcards
(43 cards)
Identify and describe 2 (/3) main functions of the circulatory system
Transport - Oxygen, nutrients, waste etc
Protection - Of our bodies from infection, disease, and disorders
Regulation - Of fluid balance, pH, and temperature
What are the formed elements of blood?
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
What is plasma mostly composed of?
Water
Define Hematocrit. How can it be affected (identify three)?
The total volume of whole blood that is red blood cells
Hydration
Blood Loss
Production Issues
Gender Differences (lower values in women)
What stem cell gives rise to all formed elements?
Hemocytoblasts
Do RBCs have mitochondria? Why?
No. They do not use oxygen, they deliver it
What molecule in hemoglobin binds to oxygen? How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin molecule carry?
Iron
4
What is the term for erythrocyte production? What hormone controls this?
Spell them correctly*
Erythropoiesis
Erythropoietin
What is Hypoxemia? What are some causes?
Oxygen deficiency in blood
Not enough RBCs (to carry oxygen) or Oxygen
- High Altitude
- Increased exercise
What is Polycythemia? What are some causes?
Excess amount of RBCs that increase blood viscosity making it thicker and sticky
Bone Marrow Cancer
When minimal oxygen is available (high altitudes)
Erythropoietin production increase
Identify and describe the types of anemia that result from insufficient erythrocytes
Hemorrhagic Anemia - Bleeding
Hemolytic Anemia - RBC destruction
Aplastic Anemia - Inability to form RBC
Identify and describe the types of anemia that result from low hemoglobin content
Iron-deficiency Anemia - Iron deficient
Pernicious Anemia - Deficiency of vitamin B12
What is Thalassemias?
Delicate RBCs cannot carry adeqaute oxyegn
What are three potential consequences of anemia?
Hypoxia - SOB, Lethargic
Tissue Swelling
Low Blood Viscosity - Too thin, Heart racing
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Low Oxygen in Blood
Hypoxia - Low Oxygen going to Tissues
Describe Sickle Cell Disease
Hereditary disorder that codes for abnormal hemoglobin and is mishapen
This causes a low amount of oxygen to flow through body
What antigens are on the surface of RBCs for each blood type?
A - Antigen A
B - Antigen B
AB - Antigens A AND B
O - NONE
What are the antibodies within the plasma for each blood type?
A - Antibody B
B - Antibody A
AB - NONE
O - Antibody A AND B
What is the universal donor blood type?
O-
What is the universal recepient blood type?
AB+
What does the Rh antigen determine in terms of blood type?
Positive or Negative Blood Types
What is HDN? How can it be prevented?
When a woman has a baby with mismatched blood type (a negative and positive difference)
RhoGAM
Identify the granulocytes and agranulocytes
Granulocytes: BEN (-phils)
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Agranulocytes: LM (-cytes)
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
List the five leokocytes from most numerous to least numerous in the blood
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
