blood: chapter 19 Flashcards
(34 cards)
list the 5 functions of blood
- transport dissolved substances
- stabilize body temperature
- defense against pathogens & toxins (white blood cells)
4.pH regulation) - clotting at injury sites (platelets)
what are the 3 things that form a pump, conducting system & fluid medium in Cardiovascular system
-pump =the heart
-conducting system =blood vessels
-fluid medium =blood
what are the 4 physical characteristics of blood
1, 38 degrees celsius =normal temperature
2. high viscosity
3. slightly alkaline
4. contributes 7% of body weight
what is the normal pH of blood
7.35-7.45
between males and females, who are expected to have more blood volume
males
list 4 components of blood
1.plasma
2.red blood cells
3.white blood cells (leukocytes)
4. Platelets
what component of blood is not part of formed elements of blood
plasma
what is the function of each formed element of blood
leukocytes- defense/ immune system
platelets- clotting
red blood cells- transport oxygen
define the term haematopoisis
process of producing formed elements of blood
Define the term Haenatocrit
% of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements of blood
how are RBC’s structurally suited for their function (modify the answer when done with chapter 19: blood)
their function is to transport oxygen and structurally they are biconcave disc shaped which allows them to move flexibly in blood vessels and it contains haemoglobin which contains iron that allows oxygen to bind.
how does RBCs not having mitochondria help them be suited for the function
their function is to transport oxygen, without mitochondria they undergo anaerobic respiration therefore oxygen is not used up during transportation by RBC’s
what are Agglutinogens and what are agglutinins
Agglutinogens are antigens and Agglutinins are antibodies
in 3 steps explain what will happen during donation from types B to type A blood transfusion and what do we call this process
- blood type B antigens will enter blood type A plasma
- anti-B antibodies will detect and attack the new foreign type B agglutinogens (antigens)
3.haemolysis will occur
we call this agglutination
do the donor’s antibodies attack the recipients antigens during agglutination
No. Antibodies are only active in their home ground lol.
what does Rh- or the minus sign on A- mean
it means the D-antigen is absent
Is a Rh+ individual born with the D antigen (is it genetically acquired)
Yes the D-antigen is genetically acquired
Is a Rh- individual born with the D agglutinin (antibody) (is it genetically acquired)
No its not genetically acquired but is acquired 6months after exposure to Rh+ blood . Without exposure to Rh+ blood it is not possible to acquire it.
what is Sensitization
it is when a pregnant Rh- woman is carrying a Rh+ baby and gets exposed to Rh+ blood during giving birth and 6months later develops anti-D antibodies.
do anti-D antibodies affect all pregancies a woman has
no, they only start developing and affecting from the second pregnancy.
can blood type AB receive and donate to blood type A or blood type B
blood type AB can receive from both blood types A and B but cannot donate to either of them (can only donate to blood type AB) because blood type AB donates a combination not individual A and B ….therefore antibodies will attack and agglutination will occur.
an incompatible blood transfusion in terms of Rh factor, does it result in agglutination. Explain
no. it results in sensitization as a consequence (check what sensitization is).
if blood of unknown type is donated to a sample of blood that has anti-B antibodies and agglutination doesnt occur, does this mean blood of unknown type has B agglutinogens
no it doesnt. the anti-B antibodies would have affected the B-antigens
if blood of unknown type is donated to a sample of blood that has anti-B antibodies and agglutination occurs, does this mean blood of unknown type has B agglutinogens
Yes, correct.
