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Applied Science for Paramedics > Blood coagulation > Flashcards

Blood coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

How much blood does the average adult have?

A

Around 5 litres

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2
Q

What is the composition of blood?

A

Plasma - 55%
Buffy coat - 1%
Erythrocytes - 45%

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3
Q

What is the composition of plasma?

A

Water - 90%
Proteins - 10%
Solutes - 1%

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4
Q

What is composition of proteins in plasma?

A

Albumin - 60%
Globulin - 36%
Fibrinogen - 4%

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5
Q

What is albumin?

A

A carrier protein
Osmotic pressure

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6
Q

What are the three components of globulin?

A

Gamma
Alpha
Beta

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7
Q

What does fibrinogen in plasma produce?

A

Fibrin

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8
Q

What is are the two components of the Buffy coat?

A

Platlets and leukocytes

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9
Q

How long do platelets live and where are they made?

A

Made in bone marrow
Live 5-9 days

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10
Q

What are the different types of leukocytes?

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

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11
Q

Do erythrocytes have a nucleus?

A

No

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12
Q

What do erythrocytes do?

A

Transport gasses

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13
Q

Where are erythrocytes made?

A

Bone marrow

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14
Q

What is the pH level of blood?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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15
Q

What is the temperature of blood?

A

37 degrees

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16
Q

How many liters of blood does a man and woman have?

A

Male 5-6 litres
Female 4-5 litres

17
Q

What is haemostatis?

A

Haem = blood
Statis = stop

18
Q

What are the three steps to haemostatis?

A

Vascular constriction
Platelet aggregation
Coagulation

19
Q

What is vascular constriction?

A

VASCULAR DAMAGE causes SMOOTH MUSCLE CONSTRICTION and will LIMIT BLOOD FLOW LOCALLY.

20
Q

What is platelet aggregation?

A

When collagen is exposed a platelet plug gets formed.

21
Q

What occurs in coagulation?

A

The release of prothrombin factor.
Thrombin cuts
Fibrinogen turns into fibrin

22
Q

What activates the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

A

Activated by endothelial injury in blood vessels.

23
Q

What activates the extrinsic pathway of clotting blood?

A

Activated by tissue and platelet injury.

24
Q

What is a full blood count ?

A

Takes a venous sample
Tests WBC
Tests RBC

25
Q

What does less than 4 on a white blood cell blood test indicate?

A

Anaemia

26
Q

What does more than 5.5 on a white blood cell blood test indicate?

A

Polycythaemia

27
Q

What does less/more than 5000 neutrophils on a blood test indicate?

A

Less than = Leukopenia
More than = Leucocytosis

28
Q

What is a PT and INR blood test and what do they test for?

A

Prothrombin Time (PT) and International Normalised Ratio (INR)

They test for the extrinsic clotting pathway, warfarin levels and liver issues.

29
Q

What is a PTT blood test and what does it test for?

A

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) tests for the intrinsic clotting pathway and the heparin level.

30
Q

What does the D-dimer blood test test for?

A

Fibrin degradation

31
Q
A

Applied Science for Paramedics (64 decks)

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