Blood Component Therapy

Question 1

Type A blood type has type ___ antigens on the cell.

Type B blood has type __ antigens on the cell.

Type AB blood has type __ antigens on the cell.

Type O blood has type __ antigens on the cell.

Answer 1

A

B

AB

No antigens on the RBC

Question 2

Type A blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.

Type B blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.

Type AB blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.

Type O blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.

Answer 2

B

A

None

Anti-A and Anti-B

Question 3

Coagulation is a ___-based process. which occurs on the surface of:

• _______ cells,
• ________ cells,
• ________

Answer 3

cell-based

endothelial

subendothelial

platelets

Question 4

Intrinsic pathways contain coagulation factors: (4)

Answer 4

• 8
• 9
• 11
• 12

Question 5

Extrinsic pathways contain coagulation factors: (2)

Answer 5

3

7

Question 6

Common coagulation, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors merge after the formation of activated factor ___.

Answer 6

10

Question 7

Tests to evaluate coagulation: (5)

PAPPI

Answer 7

• Platelet Count
• ACT
• PTT
• PT
• INR

Question 8

Platelet count is actual number of platelets, also known as __________, per cubic ___ of blood

Answer 8

thrombocytes

micro L

Question 9

Normal adult/elderly/children count is: ____ to ____

Answer 9

150k - 400k /mm³ (or cubic micro L)

Question 10

Platelet count for infants and newborns may be less. True or false?

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Thrombocytopenia < ______/mm3

Answer 11

100k

Question 12

Thrombocytosis > _____/mm3

Answer 12

400k

Question 13

What measures the amount of time required for whole blood to clot in a test tube?

Answer 13

ACT or activated clotting time

Question 14

_____ test is used to monitor heparin therapy in the OR.

Normal time: ____ - ____ seconds

Answer 14

ACT

70-180

Question 15

Heparin has quicker onset and is more readily useable. True or false.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

ACT value that is sufficient for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is > _____ seconds

Answer 16

400

Question 17

_____ measures factors 8, 9, 11, and12 which are intrinsic factors.

However, the following common pathway factors must also be present. (4)

Answer 17

PTT, or partial thromboplastin time

1, 2, 5, 10

Question 18

Normal PTT time: ___ -____ seconds which can vary with reagent.

PTT can also be used to monitor heparin therapy.

• Value must be ___ to ___ times the control value in seconds.

Answer 18

25 - 38 seconds

1.5 to 2.5

Question 19

PT, or _______ measures factors:

extrinsic: (1)
common: (4)

Answer 19

prothrombin time

7 (extrinsic)

1, 2, 5, 10 (common)

Question 20

Low levels of the following will prolong PT: (5)

Answer 20

• 5
• 7
• 10
• prothrombin
• fibrinogen

Question 21

Prolonged PT: ___ - ___ times the control value in seconds.

Note: People with liver pathologies will have both PT and PTT ordered since liver forms coagulation factors.

Answer 21

1.5 - 2

Question 22

KNOW

Factor ___ deficiency is the ONLY cause of a prolonged PT with a normal PTT!

Answer 22

7

Question 23

PT measures warfarin therapy and is harder to reverse. True or false?

Answer 23

true

Question 24

Since PT test varies in sensitivity among laboratories,
_____ ____ ____was developed to standardize PT values to better monitor oral anticoagulation therapy.

Answer 24

International normalized ratio (INR)

Question 25

Therapeutic warfarin dosing occurs when INR is ___ - \_\_\_\_.

Answer 25

2.0 - 3.0

Question 26

Before you can transfuse you perform compatibility tests: Recipient’s blood has been typed for A, B, and Rh antigens and screened for common antibodies is called what?

Answer 26

type and screen

Question 27

Blood compatibility Occurs if surgical procedure is unlikely to require transfusion of blood, but blood should be available. Valid for\_\_\_\_ hrs

Answer 27

Type and screen 72

Question 28

Immediate spin crossmatch takes 5-10 min, then AHG [antihuman globulin] crossmatch takes ___ min PART 1: Recipient’s \_\_\_\_\_is incubated with the donor ____ (MAJOR) PART 2: Recipient’s ______ are incubated with the donor ______ (MINOR)

Answer 28

45 plasma, RBCs RBCs, plasma

Question 29

IN AN EMERGENCY If transfusion is required before compatibility testing is complete, FIRST CHOICE is \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_cross-matched blood and takes less than 5 minutes. SECOND CHOICE is \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_cross-matched blood THIRD CHOICE is ________ PRBCs

Answer 29

TYPE-SPECIFIC, PARTIALLY TYPE SPECIFIC, NOT crossmatched O - negative

Question 30

For patients who are screened as negative for RBC alloantibodies and who have no history of such antibodies, only an immediate-spin crossmatch (IS-XM) need be performed to verify ABO compatibility. True or false?

Answer 30

true

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are found on the **surface** of red blood cells. The _____ portion of blood (including platelets, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma) contains ______ that will react adversely with incompatible antigens.

Answer 31

**Antigens** **serum ** **antibodies**

Question 32

What type of PBRCs can be transfused to anyone (what is the universal donor)?

Answer 32

Type O packed red blood cells

Question 33

Why can Type O RBCs be given to a patient of any blood type?

Answer 33

Because they contain neither A or B antigens

Question 34

Type AB PRBCs can only be given to Type ___ recipients, because they contain BOTH A and B antigens.

Answer 34

AB

Question 35

Blood Type A can receive what PRBCs? Blood Type B can receive what PRBCs? Blood Type AB can receive what PRBCs? Blood Type O can receive what PRBCs?

Answer 35

A, O B, O A, B, AB, O O

Question 36

What is the universal donor of platelets, FFP, and cryoprecipiate?

Answer 36

**Type AB** Type AB platelets, cryo, or FFP can be given to a patient of **any** blood type because they contain NO antibodies

Question 37

Type O platelets, cryo, or FFP can ONLY be safely transfused to a Type\_\_ recipient because:

Answer 37

O type O contains both A and B antibodies

Question 38

When do you transfuse? (4)

Answer 38

* extensive blood loss * inadequate perfusion--urine output! * low Hb * poor coagulation

Question 39

Before you transfuse blood you must perform a compatibility test: Recipient’s blood is incubated with the donor blood product is called what?

Answer 39

Type and cross-match