Blood Donor Phlebotomy Flashcards by Do Re Mi

Q

The collection, testing, preparation, and storage of blood from donors who are usually volunteers

A

Blood donation

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Q

This activity ensures the steady supply of blood for patients needing surgery, those who are suffering from certain diseases, and those who have been victims of accidents

A

Blood donation

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Q

Blood donation that could be for the benefit of a particular person

A

Directed donor blood

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Q

Blood donation that could be for the benefit of the donor himself/herself who will use the same during his/her scheduled surgery

A

Autologous blood donation

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Q

___________ for blood donation is part of the entire process of handling blood collection from donors

A

Venipuncture

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Q

4 goals of performing blood donor phlebotomy

A

Ensure the safety of the donors
minimize and prevent contamination in the donated blood which may come from external sources
conduct safe collection of donated blood for therapeutic purposes especially during its shelf life
make sure that other personnel are well-trained and qualified to do the venipuncture procedure for blood donation

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Q

Blood donation usually takes how many minutes?

A

45 to 60 minutes

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Q

Blood donors should be at least how old?

A

At least 16 years old

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Q

Blood donors should weight at least how much?

A

110 lbs at the minimum (about 50kg)

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

A

donor screening
donor registration
medical history
donor interview
physical examination
guidance on venipuncture for blood donation
preparing the venipuncture site
Collecting the Unit
Adverse events in blood donation
donor care post phlebotomy
donor blood processing
donated blood labeling

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

The donor is asked about hsi/her heath, lifestyle, adn disease risk factors. All details provided are confidential

A

Donor screening

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

the donor needs to complete a donor registration form which includes his/her name, adress, and other demograpbic information

A

Donor registration

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

the donor will have to confirm if he/she has any health issues and disease risk factors

A

medical history

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

the donor will have a brief interview with the healthcare personnel to ensure that the donor has met the general donor requirements

A

Donor interview

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

A short health exam (pulse, temperature, and blood pressure) will be conducted and a drop of blood from the donor’s finger will be tested to ensure that his/her blood iron level is suitable for donation

A

Physical examination

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

Short brieding on the procedure will be given by the health personnel

A

Guidance on Venipuncture for Blood Donation

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

The donor will be led to the donor area where the arm is cleaned with antiseptic and the vein for venipuncture is selected

A

Preparing the Venipuncture Site

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

The unit of blood will be collected by the health personnel

A

Collecting the unit

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

the healthcare personnel will have to monitor the donor for adverse effects during and after blood collection.
the donor should remain seated for a few minutes before leaving the room to ensure that he/she is not suffering from dizziness due to the procedure

A

Adverse events in blood donation

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

the venipuncture site should be inspected and refreshments should be offered to the donor before he/she leaves the area

A

Donor care post phlebotomy

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

The collected blood unit is prepared and placed in the proper container for transport to the processing area

A

donor blood processing

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Q

12 general process of blood donation

The information indicated on the label found in the blood unit must be double-checked. It should be complete and accurate

A

Donor blood labeling

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Q

What will be used to draw blood from the vein in the donor’s arm?

A

Blood donation kit

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Q

One unit of blood donated takes about how many minutes to complete?

A

6 to 10 minutes

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In performing venipuncture for blood donation, the ________ should collect and assemble all the equipment and supplied needed for the procedure ahead of time

phlebotomist

The items needed for blood donation should be placed in a ____ or _______ which is easy to reach

* tray * cart

9 pieces of equipment required for venipuncture for blood donation

* bp monitor * scales * donor couches * chairs * beds * blood collection mixers * blood bag sealers * blood transportation boxes * blood bank refrigerator

It is important to ensure that the pieces of furniture and equipment in the blood donation and processing areas are made of cleanable surfaces such as ________

vinyl

# Furniture and equipment in the blood donation and processing areas They must be kept clean and disinfected by __________?

Sodium hypochlorite bleach solutions

# Furniture and equipment in the blood donation and processing areas Fabric or textile carriers should be _____________

Machine-washable

WHO guidelines recommended that a ________ system should be used for blood donation

Closed collection system (sterile blood collection bag containing anticoagulant with attached tube and needle)

__________ could also be used to minimize contamination from skin and to obtain the first ______ of blood

* Diversion pouches * 20mL

For hemoglobin testing, what is used? How immediate should the collected blood be placed in a safety box?

* sterilized lancet (single use) * should be placed immediately

7 steps in doing venipuncture for blood donation

1. identify the donor and labvel the collection bag and test tubes 2. select the vein 3. perform hand hygiene and wear well-fitting gloves 4. disinfect the donor's skin 5. Perform the venipuncture 6. monitor the donor and donated unit 7. remove the needle and collect the laboratory samples

# 7 steps in doing venipuncture for blood donation * The phlebotomist should ask the donor to state his/her full name * Should make sure that the blood collection bag is of the correct type and is properly labeled along with the satellite bags and sample tubes * the donor's information (name and number) as seen on the records should match the label on the collection equipment

Identify the Donor and Label the Collection Bag and Test Tubes

# 7 steps in doing venipuncture for blood donation * when selecting a vein for blood donation, the phlebotomist should choose a large and firm vein such as the antecubital fossa which is the preferred site for the venipuncture

Select the vein

# In selecting the vein for blood donation... The area is checked for what?

Any lesions or scars

# In selecting the vein for blood donation... The blood pressure cuff or tournique should be inflated to what pressure?

40 - 60 mm Hg

# In selecting the vein for blood donation... The donor is asked to what?

Open and close his/her hand a couple of times

# In selecting the vein for blood donation... The cuff is released when?

After the site has been selected and the skin is prepared for the venipuncture procedure

# 7 steps in doing venipuncture for blood donation * proper hand hygiene should be performed prior to venipuncture for blood donation * Phlebotomists should whash their hands with soap and water thoroughly and then dry them using a single-use towel

Perform hand hygiene and wear well-fitting gloves

# In performing hand hygiene and wearing well-fitting gloves... * Alternatively, the phlebotomist could clean their hands with alcohol if the hands are not visible soiled or dirty. * How much alcohol should they use to rub their hands until they are dry?

3 mL

# 7 steps in doing venipuncture for blood donation * the selected venipuncture site should also be cleaned thoroughly

disinfect the donor's skin

# disinfect the donor's skin How long is the one-step procedure

1 minute

# disinfect the donor's skin What material is used in the one-step procedure?

Combine 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol

# disinfect the donor's skin How long is the duration of the two-step procedure?

About two minutes

# disinfect the donor's skin What material is used for the two-step procedure?

70% isopropyl alcohol and tincture of iodine or chlorhexidine (2%)

# disinfect the donor's skin When should the two-step procedure be done?

If chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol is not available

# 7 steps in doing venipuncture for blood donation Venipuncture is done

Perform the venipuncture

# Performing venipuncture for blood donation 1. Ask the donor to clench his/her fist so that the vein becomes ________ 2. Use approximately a ________-degree angle or less to enter the vein rapidly and continue to introduce the needle at the easiest angle of entry 3. Release the tourniquet once sufficient blood has been collected (________mL +/- ________%). Do this before withdrawing the needle 4. Gently withdraw the needle and using a clean gauze/dry cotton, apply ________ on the site 5. Ask the donor to hold the ________ in place, with his-her arm extended and raised 6. Warn the donor not to bend his/her arm to avoid ________

1. Prominent 2. 30-degree angle 3. 450 mL +/- 10% 4. gentle pressure 5. gauge or cotton ball 6. hematoma

# In performig venipuncture for blood donation * Use a ____-gauge needle (usually attached to the collection bag) * Cut off the ____ at the end of the procedure * Make the donor open and close his/her fist slowly during the collection (____ seconds) * Remove the tournique after the blood flow is establish or after ____ * Repeat disinfection procedure if ____

* 16 * needle * 10 - 15 * two minutes * the site has been touched

# 7 steps in doing venipuncture for blood donation * the donor and the injection site should monitored closely all throughout the process * mix the collected blood with anticoagulant gently either manually or by continuous mechanical mizing during the procedure observing approximately a **30-second interval**

Monitor the Donor and Donated Unit

# Monitor the Donor and Donated Unit 3 symptoms to observe to the patient

* sweating * pallor * feelings of fainting or dizziness

# Monitor the Donor and Donated Unit 2 symptoms/things to observe on the injection site

* development of hematoma * changes in blood flow which may mean that the needle has moved or needs repositioning

# 7 steps in doing venipuncture for blood donation The following steps should be done to remove the needle: * place a hemostat just below the needle or a plastic stopper to stop the bleeding * withdraw the needle, and * collect the samples for testing

remove the needle and collect the laboratory samples

3 steps that should be done to remove the needle

* place a hemostat just below the needle or a plastic stopper to stop the bleeding * withdraw the needle, and * collect the samples for testing

# Procedure in collecting blood samples for donor unit laboratory testing * Place ________ and tube holders in a rack prior to filling when collecting lab samples * Do not apply any pressure to the ________ to avoid the risk of hemolysis * Do not release the ________ so as not to let off pressure * do not forget to ________ the tubes that contain additives prior to their dispatch

* evacuated tubes * needle * stopper * invert

# Procedure in Transporting Blood Donor Units and Samples * The collected blood donor units are transferred to ________ and properly closed * The spx should have complete documentation and must observe to the ________ requirements * ________ are placed in a rack or padded holder to prevent breakage while in transit

* Leak-proof storage containers * proper temperature * multiple tubes

* contains red cells, white cells, and platelets, suspended in plasma * Red cell replacement in acute blood loss with hypovolemia

Whole blood

# Blood component carry oxygen and are used to treat anemia

rbc

# RBC When refrigerated, it can last to a maximum of ____________ depending on the anti-coagulant-preservative or additive

42 days

# RBC RBC can be frozen up to how many years?

10 years

# Blood component important in the control of bleeding and are generally used in patients with leukemia and other forms of cancer

Platelets

# Platelets How is platelets stored and can be kept for how long?

* Room temperature * Maximum of 5 days

# Blood component used to control bleeding due to low levels of some clotting factors

Fresh frozen plasma

# Fresh frozen plasma How long can this be stored frozen?

Up to one year

# Anticoagulant and Preservative CPD means?

Citrate-phosphate-dextrose

# Anticoagulant and Preservative CPDA1 means?

citrate-phosphate-dextrose plus adenine

# Anticoagulant and Preservative prevents clotting by chelating calcium

citrate

# Anticoagulant and Preservative Stabilizes the pH

phosphate

# Anticoagulant and Preservative Provides energy to the cells

dextrose

# Anticoagulant and Preservative Improves the synthesis of ATP stored in blood

adenine

# Anticoagulant and Preservative Prolongs the storage of blood

Adenine

Donor units are normally collected from a large ________ vein

antecubital

In blood donor phlebotomy, the vein is cleaned in a manner similar to _________

blood culture collection

The collection unit is a sterile, closed system consisting of a bag to contain the blood connected by a length of tubing to a sterile _______-gauge needle

16-to 18-

The unit is normally filled by weight but contains around _______ mL of blood when full

450

Donor donates blood voluntarily to be used by anyone in need

Allogenic donation

Donor donates blood of his own free will and receives no payment

Voluntary (non-remunerated) donation

individual gives blood for his own use –for example, before a surgery

Autologous donation

Donor donates blood for the benefit of a particular person

Directed Donation

Process of removing a specific component of the blood, (such as platelets, red blood cells, plasma) and returning the remaining components to the donor

Apheresis

What ages may be able to donate blood if with guardian's consent?

16 - 17 yrs old

# Physical examination for blood donation Normal pulse rate

Between 60 and 100 /minute with regular rhythm

# Physical examination for blood donation Normal blood pressure

Between 90 and 160 systolic and 60 and 100 diastolic

# Between 90 and 160 systolic and 60 and 100 diastolic Normal hemoglobin level;

At least 125 g/L

# Physical examination for blood donation Normal body temperature

37 C (36.6 -37.2)

The decision by a potential donor to defer himself from donation of blood or blood components

Self-deferral

* non-acceptance of a potential blood donor to donate blood or blood components * either temporarily or permanently * based on general health or medical condition * or the risk of exposure to pathogens

Donor deferral

# Temporary Deferral date Up to 6 months following delivery or termination

Pregnancy

# Temporary Deferral Accept if no signs of intoxication

Recent alcoholic intake

# Temporary Deferral Defer for 12 months

Ear or body piercing and tattooing

# Temporary Deferral * minor surgery until treatment is complete and successful * major surgery 12 months * Defer permanently following neurosurgical procedure

Surgery

Refers to when a person is not allowed to donate anytime

Permanent deferral

# What does these have in common? * Cancer * Cardiac disease * Sever lung disease*Hepatitis B and C * HIV infection, AIDS or Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) * High risk occupation (e.g. prostitution) * Unexplained weight loss of more than 5 kg over 6 months * Chronic alcoholism

Permanent deferral

# Collection unit whole blood collection

Single blood

# Collection unit RBC, and plasma

Double blood bag

# Collection unit RBC, plasma, platelets

Triple blood bag