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NPTE- Cardiopulmonary System > Blood Gases > Flashcards

Blood Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the important blood gases typically included in ABG assessment?

A

partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)
partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2)
pH
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
oxygen saturation (O2Sat)- potentially SaO2?

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2
Q

partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)

A

represents the oxygenation of arterial blood
partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

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3
Q

what blood gas represents the oxygenation of arterial blood or partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood?

A

PaO2

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4
Q

what is the median value and normal range of PaO2?

A

97 mm Hg at sea level breathing ambient air
(80-100 mm Hg)

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5
Q

what blood gas median value is 97 mm Hg with a normal range of 80-100 mm Hg at sea level breathing ambient air?

A

PaO2

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6
Q

what condition occurs due to low levels of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2<80 mm Hg)?

A

hypoxemia

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7
Q

hypoxemia is a condition occurring due to low levels of oxygen in arterial blood (__ < __ mm Hg)

A

PaO2<80 mm Hg

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8
Q

mild hypoxemia as it relates to PaO2?

A

60-79 mm Hg

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9
Q

moderate hypoxemia as it relates to PaO2?

A

40-59 mm Hg

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10
Q

severe hypoxemia as it relates to PaO2?

A

<40 mm Hg

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11
Q

what level of hypoxemia is indicated by PaO2 60-79 mm Hg?

A

mild

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12
Q

what level of hypoxemia is indicated by PaO2 40-59 mm Hg?

A

moderate

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13
Q

what level of hypoxemia is indicated by PaO2 <40 mm Hg?

A

severe

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14
Q

partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)

A

ventilation- how well the lungs remove CO2
partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood

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15
Q

what blood gas represents ventilation/how well the lungs remove CO2 as well as the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood?

A

PaCO2

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16
Q

what is the median value and normative range of PaCO2?

A

40 mm Hg at sea level breathing ambient air
(35-45 mm Hg)

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17
Q

what blood gas median value is 40 mm Hg with a normal range of 35-45 mm Hg at sea level breathing ambient air?

A

PaCO2

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18
Q

eucapnia

A

normal PaCO2 levels (35-45 mm Hg)

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19
Q

hypercapnia

A

elevated CO2 levels in arterial blood PaCO2 levels > 45 mm Hg

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20
Q

hypocapnia

A

decreased CO2 levels in arterial blood
PaCO2 levels < 35 mm Hg

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21
Q

what condition is characterized by elevated CO2 levels in arterial blood, with PaCO2 levels > 45 mm Hg?

A

hypercapnia

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22
Q

what condition is characterized by decreased CO2 levels in arterial blood, with PaCO2 levels < 35 mm Hg?

A

hypocapnia

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23
Q

what does a PaCO2 level < 30 mm Hg indicate?

A

alveolar hyperventilation

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24
Q

what PaCO2 level indicates alveolar hyperventilation?

A

PaCO2 levels < 30 mm Hg

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25
what does a PaCO2 level >50 mm Hg indicate?
alveolar hypoventilation, respiratory failure
26
what PaCO2 level indicates alveolar hypoventilation or respiratory failure?
PaCO2 levels > 50 mm Hg
27
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
component of chemical buffering system that keeps blood from becoming too acidic or too basic
28
what blood gas is a component of the chemical buffering system and keeps blood from becoming too acidic or basic?
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
29
what is the median value and normal range of bicarbonate (HCO3-)?
24 mEq/L (22-26 mEq/L)
30
what blood gases directly affect blood pH?
PaCO2 HCO3-
31
blood pH
acid-base status of blood
32
median value and normal blood pH range?
7.4 7.35-7.45
33
acidemia
elevated acidity in blood pH<7.35
34
acidemia indicates elevated acidity in blood and is represented by a pH<__
7.35
35
alkalemia
decreased acidity in blood pH>7.45
36
alkalemia indicates decreased acidity in blood and is represented by a pH >__
7.45
37
acidosis
blood pH<7.4
38
alkalosis
blood pH>7.4
39
what condition is represented by a blood pH <7.4?
acidosis
40
what condition is represented by a blood pH >7.4?
alkalosis
41
PaCO2 as it relates to pH: metabolic acidosis
PaCO2<35 mm Hg and pH<7.4 indicates elimination of CO2 to compensate for metabolic acidosis
42
what condition is represented by a elimination of CO2 to compensate and PaCO2 < 35 mm Hg and pH<7.4?
metabolic acidosis
43
PaCO2 as it relates to pH: metabolic alkalosis
PaCO2>45 mm Hg and pH>7.4 indicates retention of CO2 to compensate for metabolic alkalosis
44
what condition is represented by a retention of CO2 to compensate and PaCO2> 45 mm Hg and pH>7.4?
metabolic alkalosis
45
PaCO2 as it relates to pH: respiratory acidosis
PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg and pH <7.4
46
PaCO2 as it relates to pH: respiratory alkalosis
PaCo2 < 35 mm Hg and pH>7.4
47
what condition is represented by a PaCO2 >45 mm Hg and pH <7.4?
respiratory acidosis
48
what condition is represented by a PaCO2<35 mm Hg and pH > 7.4?
respiratory alkalosis
49
HCO3- in relation to pH: respiratory acidosis
HCO3- > 26 mEq/L and pH < 7.4 renal compensation for respiratory acidosis
50
what condition is represented by renal compensation and an HCO3- >26 mEq/L and pH < 7.4?
respiratory acidosis
51
HCO3- in relation to pH: respiratory alkalosis
HCO3- < 22 mEq/L and pH > 7.4 renal compensation for repsiratory alkalosis
52
what condition is represented by renal compensation and an HCO3- < 22 mEq/L and pH > 7.4?
respiratory alkalosis
53
HCO3- in relation to pH: metabolic acidosis
HCO3- < 22 mEq/L and pH<7.4
54
what condition is represented by HCO3- < 22 mEq/L and pH < 7.4?
metabolic acidosis
55
HCO3- in relation to pH: metabolic alkalosis
HCO3- > 26 mEq/L and pH>7.4
56
what condition is represented by HCO3- > 26 mEq/L and pH>7.4?
metabolic alkalosis
57
what other blood gas aside from PaO2 contributes to to the development of hypoxemia?
SaO2
58
what does SaO2 provide information on?
percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
59
what blood gas represents the percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin?
SaO2
60
what is the normal range of SaO2?
95-98%
61
normal PaO2 and SaO2 levels?
PaO2 80-100 mm Hg and SaO2 >95%
62
mild hypoxemia as it relates to PaO2 and SaO2 values if no shift in oxyhemoglobin curve?
PaO2 60-79 mm Hg and SaO2 90-95%
63
what level of severity of hypoxemia is indicated by PaO2 60-79 mm Hg and SaO2 90-95% if no shift in oxyhemoglobin curve?
mild
64
moderate hypoxemia as it relates to PaO2 and SaO2 values if no shift in oxyhemoglobin curve?
PaO2 40-59 mm Hg and SaO2 60-90%
65
what level of severity of hypoxemia is indicated by PaO2 40-59 mm Hg and SaO2 60-90% if no shift in oxyhemoglobin curve?
moderate
66
severe hypoxemia as it relates to PaO2 and SaO2 values if no shift in oxyhemoglobin curve?
PaO2 < 40 mm Hg and SaO2 < 60%
67
what level of severity of hypoxemia is indicated by PaO2 < 40 mm Hg and SaO2 < 60% if no shift in oxyhemoglobin curve?
severe
68
how is hypoxia different than hypoxemia?
hypoxia is low levels of oxygen in tissue despite normal/adequate perfusion hypoxemia is low levels of oxygen in arterial blood
69
in what order are ABG values typically reported when written or spoken?
pH>PaCO2>PaO2>HCO3-

NPTE- Cardiopulmonary System (12 decks)

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