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homeostasis > blood glucose > Flashcards

blood glucose Flashcards

1
Q

give three features of the endocrine system

A

slower than nervous system
chemicals are used
long lasting effect

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2
Q

how do hormones travel round the body

A

in the blood stream

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3
Q

what else does the endocrine system do

A

carry hormones to their traget cells

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4
Q

what are target cells

A

they have cell surface receptors complementory to hormone chemical

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5
Q

what does the pancreus contain that allows the production of hormones

A

islet of langerhan

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6
Q

what does the islet of langerhan contain

A

alpha cells
beta cells

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7
Q

what do alpha cells do

A

produce hormone glucagon

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8
Q

what doe beta cells produce

A

the hormone insulin

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9
Q

other than the pancreus what else helps regulate blood glucose levels

A

the liver

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10
Q

what are the three things the liver uses to regulate blood glucose

A

the hormones
glycogenesis
glycogenolysis
glucongenesis

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11
Q

what does glycogenesis do

A

converts glucose to glucogen

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12
Q

why does the conversion of glucose to glucogen occour

A

when their is a too high glucose level in the blood

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13
Q

what is gycogenolysis

A

conversion of glycogen to glucose

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14
Q

what is gluconeogenesis

A

creation of new glucose from non crabohydrate stores

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15
Q

what is glucose created from when carbohydrate stores are unavailale

A

fatty acids
glycerol

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16
Q

how can glucose enter the blood stream

A

via diet
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenisis

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17
Q

what are the two hormones involved in regulation of blood glucose

A

insulin
glucagon

18
Q

what is the role of beta cells

A

they detect the rise in blood glucose

19
Q

when beta cells detect a rise in blood glucose what do they do

A

they secrete insulin into the blood stream

20
Q

what do most cells have that allows the beta cells to work

A

glycoprotien receptors

21
Q

what are these glycoprotien receptors for

A

insulin

22
Q

what does this insulin then do

A

combine with receptors

23
Q

what does the binding of insulin to glycoprotien recptors cause

A

change in tertiary structure and shape of glucose transport protein channels, opening them

24
Q

what does thischange in tertiary structure and glucose transport protien lead to

A

an increase in the number of transport molecules

25
Q

what does this increase in the number of transport molecules mean

A

activiation of enzymes wich convert glucose into glycogen and fat

26
Q

what happens when blood glucose is too high

A

negative feedback

27
Q

give an example of negative feedback

A

lowering of blood glucose

28
Q

what is the first step of lowering blood glucose

A

increase rate absorbtion of glucose into cells (specifically muscle cells)

29
Q

what is the second stage of lowering blood glucose

A

increased rate of respiration therefore increasing the uptake of glucose from the blood

30
Q

what is the third stage of lowering blood glucose

A

increased rate of glycogenesis in liver and muscle cells

31
Q

what is glycogenesis

A

conversion to glucose to glycogen

32
Q

what is the fourth stage of lowering blood glucose

A

increased rate of conversion of glucose to fat

33
Q

what do all these processes do

A

cause glucose rates to fall back to normal wich stops the secretion of insulin by b-cells to reduce

34
Q

what is the full process of lowering blood glucose

A

increased rate of absorbtion of glucose into cells (specfically muscle cells).
increased rate of respiration therefore increased uptake of glucose from blood.
increase rate of glycogenesis - the conversion of glucose into glycogen- in liver and muscle.
increased rate in conversion of glucose to fat.
this causes blood sugar levels to fall which leads to the secreation of inslulin from b-cells to reduce.

35
Q

what else aswell as insulin helps to lower levels of blood glucose

A

glycogon

36
Q

what can be said about insulin and glycogon

A

work anataganistically = work together

37
Q

what role to a cells play in regulating blood sugar levels

A

detect a fall in blood glucose and secreate glucagon into plasma

38
Q

what cells ONLY bind to glucagon

A

liver cells

39
Q

how do liver cells respond to glucagon

A

activating an enzyme to convert glycogen to glucose
increaseing GLUCONEOGENESIS

40
Q

what is gluconeogenesis

A

production of glucose from non-carb sources, e.g amino acids or fatty acids

41
Q

in terms of a cells what happens when blood glucose levels rise

A

the raising of blood glucose levels cause a cells to reduce the secretion of glucagon. another example of negative feedback

homeostasis (8 decks)

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