blood glucose

Question 1

give three features of the endocrine system

Answer 1

slower than nervous system
chemicals are used
long lasting effect

Question 2

how do hormones travel round the body

Answer 2

in the blood stream

Question 3

what else does the endocrine system do

Answer 3

carry hormones to their traget cells

Question 4

what are target cells

Answer 4

they have cell surface receptors complementory to hormone chemical

Question 5

what does the pancreus contain that allows the production of hormones

Answer 5

islet of langerhan

Question 6

what does the islet of langerhan contain

Answer 6

alpha cells
beta cells

Question 7

what do alpha cells do

Answer 7

produce hormone glucagon

Question 8

what doe beta cells produce

Answer 8

the hormone insulin

Question 9

other than the pancreus what else helps regulate blood glucose levels

Answer 9

the liver

Question 10

what are the three things the liver uses to regulate blood glucose

Answer 10

the hormones
glycogenesis
glycogenolysis
glucongenesis

Question 11

what does glycogenesis do

Answer 11

converts glucose to glucogen

Question 12

why does the conversion of glucose to glucogen occour

Answer 12

when their is a too high glucose level in the blood

Question 13

what is gycogenolysis

Answer 13

conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 14

what is gluconeogenesis

Answer 14

creation of new glucose from non crabohydrate stores

Question 15

what is glucose created from when carbohydrate stores are unavailale

Answer 15

fatty acids
glycerol

Question 16

how can glucose enter the blood stream

Answer 16

via diet
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenisis

Question 17

what are the two hormones involved in regulation of blood glucose

Answer 17

insulin
glucagon

Question 18

what is the role of beta cells

Answer 18

they detect the rise in blood glucose

Question 19

when beta cells detect a rise in blood glucose what do they do

Answer 19

they secrete insulin into the blood stream

Question 20

what do most cells have that allows the beta cells to work

Answer 20

glycoprotien receptors

Question 21

what are these glycoprotien receptors for

Answer 21

insulin

Question 22

what does this insulin then do

Answer 22

combine with receptors

Question 23

what does the binding of insulin to glycoprotien recptors cause

Answer 23

change in tertiary structure and shape of glucose transport protein channels, opening them

Question 24

what does thischange in tertiary structure and glucose transport protien lead to

Answer 24

an increase in the number of transport molecules

Question 25

what does this increase in the number of transport molecules mean

Answer 25

activiation of enzymes wich convert glucose into glycogen and fat

Question 26

what happens when blood glucose is too high

Answer 26

negative feedback

Question 27

give an example of negative feedback

Answer 27

lowering of blood glucose

Question 28

what is the first step of lowering blood glucose

Answer 28

increase rate absorbtion of glucose into cells (specifically muscle cells)

Question 29

what is the second stage of lowering blood glucose

Answer 29

increased rate of respiration therefore increasing the uptake of glucose from the blood

Question 30

what is the third stage of lowering blood glucose

Answer 30

increased rate of glycogenesis in liver and muscle cells

Question 31

what is glycogenesis

Answer 31

conversion to glucose to glycogen

Question 32

what is the fourth stage of lowering blood glucose

Answer 32

increased rate of conversion of glucose to fat

Question 33

what do all these processes do

Answer 33

cause glucose rates to fall back to normal wich stops the secretion of insulin by b-cells to reduce

Question 34

what is the full process of lowering blood glucose

Answer 34

increased rate of absorbtion of glucose into cells (specfically muscle cells). increased rate of respiration therefore increased uptake of glucose from blood. increase rate of glycogenesis - the conversion of glucose into glycogen- in liver and muscle. increased rate in conversion of glucose to fat. this causes blood sugar levels to fall which leads to the secreation of inslulin from b-cells to reduce.

Question 35

what else aswell as insulin helps to lower levels of blood glucose

Answer 35

glycogon

Question 36

what can be said about insulin and glycogon

Answer 36

work anataganistically = work together

Question 37

what role to a cells play in regulating blood sugar levels

Answer 37

detect a fall in blood glucose and secreate glucagon into plasma

Question 38

what cells ONLY bind to glucagon

Answer 38

liver cells

Question 39

how do liver cells respond to glucagon

Answer 39

activating an enzyme to convert glycogen to glucose increaseing GLUCONEOGENESIS

Question 40

what is gluconeogenesis

Answer 40

production of glucose from non-carb sources, e.g amino acids or fatty acids

Question 41

in terms of a cells what happens when blood glucose levels rise

Answer 41

the raising of blood glucose levels cause a cells to reduce the secretion of glucagon. another example of negative feedback