Blood/hemostasis

Question 1

A deep cut to the skin damages blood vessels. What is the first step in preventing excessive blood loss through the wound?

Clot formation
Vasoconstriction
Stimulation of the coagulation cascade
Platelet plug formation

Answer 1

Vasoconstriction

Question 2

Hemophilia is a blood disorder resulting from defects in ________.which of the following?

plasmin synthesis
vasoconstriction of damaged vessels
production of blood cells in the bone marrow
coagulation factors

Answer 2

coagulation factors

Question 3

What is a hematocrit and why would testing this value provide a means for determining blood doping?

     It is the percentage of red blood cells in a centrifuged sample of blood. Because blood doping is an artificial way of decreasing red blood cell count.        
     It is the total amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma and bound to hemoglobin. Because blood doping is an artificial way of decreasing red blood cell count.        
     It is the percentage of red blood cells in a centrifuged sample of blood. Because blood doping is an artificial way of increasing red blood cell count.        
     It is the total red blood cell count in a centrifuged sample of blood. Because blood doping is an artificial way of increasing red blood cell count.

Answer 3

It is the percentage of red blood cells in a centrifuged sample of blood. Because blood doping is an artificial way of increasing red blood cell count.

Question 4

How does blood doping enhance athletic performance?

     It provides more oxygen for metabolism.        
     It enhances the release of oxygen at the peripheral tissues.        
     It increases the amount of oxygen bound onto hemoglobin.        
     None of the listed responses is correct.

Answer 4

It provides more oxygen for metabolism.

Question 5

Both blood transfusions and drugs that mimic the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) are used to increase hematocrit. Which of the following statements is true?

     Both increase red blood cell count by stimulating red blood cell synthesis.        
     Both forms add red blood cells from an exogenous source.        
     EPO increases red blood cell count by stimulating red blood cell synthesis, while blood transfusions add red blood cells from an exogenous source.        
     Transfusions increase red blood cell count by stimulating red blood cell synthesis, while EPO adds red blood cells from an exogenous source.

Answer 5

EPO increases red blood cell count by stimulating red blood cell synthesis, while blood transfusions add red blood cells from an exogenous source.

Question 6

Which blood component is NOT classified as a mature white blood cell?

Platelets
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes

Answer 6

Platelets

Question 7

A patient takes a drug that decreases liver production of albumin. Which would you expect?

Decreased osmotic pressure and increased water in interstitial fluid
Decreased osmotic pressure and increased water in plasma
Increased osmotic pressure and increased water in interstitial fluid
Increased osmotic pressure and increased water in plasma

Answer 7

Decreased osmotic pressure and increased water in interstitial fluid

Question 8

Which of the following is the fluid matrix of blood?

Albumins
Hematopoiesis
Platelets
Plasma

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

Which of these plasma proteins is important for transporting iron?

Fibrinogen
Albumins
Immunoglobulins
Transferrin

Answer 9

Transferrin

Question 10

What makes erythrocytes unique from other cellular components of the blood?

They have no nucleus.
They are phagocytes.
They are the only fully functional cells in the blood.
They contain hemoglobin.

Answer 10

They contain hemoglobin.

Question 11

Which of these cells is a phagocyte?

Basophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Erythrocyte

Answer 11

Neutrophil

Question 12

What is the stimulus for synthesis and release of erythropoietin?

Low oxygen in tissues
High oxygen in tissues
High carbon dioxide in tissues
Low carbon dioxide in tissues

Answer 12

Low oxygen in tissues

Question 13

In which of the following locations would hematopoiesis occur in adults?

Liver
Spleen
Ribs
Scapula

Answer 13

Ribs

Question 14

Which signaling molecule is important for red blood cell synthesis?

Thrombopoietin
Leukopoietin
Hemoglobin
Erythropoietin

Answer 14

Erythropoietin

Question 15

Which value is in the normal range for an adult male?

Red cell count = 8000 cells/μl
Hematocrit = 37%
Hemoglobin = 17 g/dl
Total white count = 3200 cells/μl

Answer 15

Hemoglobin = 17 g/dl

Question 16

Which value is in the normal range for an adult female?

Hematocrit = 44%
Platelet count = 15000/μl
Red cell count = 2500 cells
Hemoglobin = 10 g/dl

Answer 16

Hematocrit = 44%

Question 17

Which type of mature blood cell has no nucleus?

Platelet
Erythrocyte
Lymphocyte
Eosinophil

Answer 17

Erythrocyte

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT thought to be a cause of anemia?

Infection
Decreased metabolic function in the spleen
Dietary vitamin deficiency
Excessive bleeding

Answer 18

Decreased metabolic function in the spleen

Question 19

A patient has a decreased amount of ferritin. Which of the following would you expect?

Decreased transport of iron and decreased hemoglobin
Increased heme groups and increased hemoglobin
Anemia and decreased erythropoiesis
Hemophilia and decreased liver storage of iron

Answer 19

Anemia and decreased erythropoiesis

Question 20

Which organelles are present in mature erythrocytes?

None of these.
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 20

None of these.

Question 21

If a person’s red blood cells appear small and pale, what type of anemia might they have?

Hypoxic, hypoferric anemia
Macrocytic, hyperchromic anemia
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
Hyperferric, hyperchromic anemia

Answer 21

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Question 22

A normal hemoglobin molecule consists of how many globin proteins and heme groups?

Four globin protein chains, each one with a heme group associated with it
Four globin protein chains with a single heme group in each hemoglobin molecule.
One large globin protein chain wrapped around three heme groups.
Two globin protein chains, each one with two heme groups associated with it.

Answer 22

Four globin protein chains, each one with a heme group associated with it

Question 23

Which organ is most responsible for the breakdown of old erythrocytes?

Pancreas
Kidneys
Spleen
Stomach

Answer 23

Spleen

Question 24

Hemostasis has three major steps. The first is vasoconstriction and the final step is coagulation. What occurs between these two steps?

Exposure of collagen
Formation of a fibrin protein mesh to form a clot
Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
Formation of a platelet plug

Answer 24

Formation of a platelet plug

Question 25

A patient has a disease that causes a decrease in erythropoiesis. Which would you expect? Lower percentage of red blood cells and increased hematocrit Higher percentage of red blood cells and decreased hematocrit Lower percentage of red blood cells and decreased hematocrit Higher percentage of red blood cells and increased hematocrit

Answer 25

Lower percentage of red blood cells and decreased hematocrit

Question 26

A patient makes antibodies that recognize antigens on red blood cells and leads to the destruction of these cells. Which would you expect? Polycythemia vera Hereditary spherocytosis Sickle cell disease Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer 26

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 27

When oxygen binds to a hemoglobin molecule, which of the following structures does it bind to directly? nitrogen on the porphyrin ring α -chain iron on the porphyrin ring β -chain

Answer 27

iron on the porphyrin ring

Question 28

Which of the following components are arranged together to compose 97.5% of adult hemoglobin? Select all that apply. δ -chain β -chain α -chain γ -chain porphyrin ring iron

Answer 28

β -chain α -chain porphyrin ring iron

Question 29

Which of the following would occur if a person were NOT able to absorb iron through the digestive tract? An individual would no longer be able to produce red blood cells. An individual would no longer be able to excrete bilirubin. An individual would produce red blood cells without any hemoglobin in them. An individual would not be able to produce any transferrin.

Answer 29

An individual would no longer be able to produce red blood cells.

Question 30

The binding of platelets to collagen can stimulate a positive feedback loop that results in more platelets adhering to collagen. Which signal causes the positive feedback loop? Thrombin Collagen-inducing factor (CIF) Thromboxane A2 Platelet-activating factor (PAF)

Answer 30

Platelet-activating factor (PAF)

Question 31

At each step in the coagulation cascade, something causes an inactive precursor to become activated, which in turn causes activation of the next protein. Other than the final fibrin product, which type of molecule is each of these activated proteins? Structural protein Integrin Enzyme Energy molecule

Answer 31

Enzyme

Question 32

A patient's platelet count is 45,000. Which would you expect? Normal clotting, since the platelet count is within normal range Decreased clotting, since the platelet count is increased Increased clotting, since the platelet count is increased Decreased clotting, since the platelet count is decreased

Answer 32

Decreased clotting, since the platelet count is decreased

Question 33

Which is a similarity between hemostasis and coagulation? Both prevent hemorrhage. Both form a platelet plug. Both are defined as the formation of a clot. Both involve decreased diameter of blood vessels.

Answer 33

Both prevent hemorrhage.