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Pathophys Ex 1 > Blood- Mace > Flashcards

Blood- Mace Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 5 functions of blood?

A
  1. Transport of gases, nutrients etc.
  2. Regulation of pH and ions
  3. Stabilizes body temperature
  4. Prevent fluid loss at sites of injury
  5. Defend against toxins and microorganism
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2
Q

What is the blood composed of?

A
  1. plasma
  2. Formed elements (WBC, platelets)
  3. volume (how our blood is doing)
  4. Color (hgb)
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3
Q

Plasma consists of…

A

Water, enzymes, salts

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4
Q

The serum of blood is with or without fibrinogen?

A

Without. It doesn’t play a role in clotting and therefore doesn’t have fibrinogen

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5
Q

What does the buffy coat consist of?

A

WBC and platelets

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6
Q

What is the equation for Hematocrit?

A

Hct= RBC/total volume

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7
Q

What are the three main categories of the plasma proteins?

A

Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen

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8
Q

This is the smallest globulin

A

alpha

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9
Q

This globulin is involved transport & complement system

A

beta

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10
Q

This globulin is (largest) globulins: antibodies (Ig)

A

gamma

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11
Q

Most plasma proteins are formed by the ______ except for _______ which are produced by ______ cells

A

liver, gamma globulins, plasma cells

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12
Q

______ is not found in the plasma

A. Glycogen 
B. Fibrinogen 
C. Glucose
D. Urea
E. Albumin
A

A. Glycogen- it is a storage form for glucose and in muscles

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13
Q

Lymphatic stem cells produce which two cells?

A

T and B cells

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14
Q

RBCs come from __________

A

erythroblasts

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15
Q

Platelets come from ___________

A

megakaryoblasts

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16
Q

Myeloblasts form which three cells

A

Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

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17
Q

Granular leukocytes and agranular leukocytes form ___________ blood cells

A

White blood cells

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18
Q

What are three granular leukocytes?

A

Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

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19
Q

What are three agranular leukocytes?

A

Monocytes, T and B cells

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20
Q

B cells are processed in the ________

A

Bone marrow

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21
Q

T cells are processed in the ________

A

Thymus

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22
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A

Transport blood gases

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23
Q

Erhythrocytes are produced in the _________ and die in the ______

A

Bone marrow, spleen

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24
Q

What is the structure of an erythrocyte?

A
  • Biconcave disk
  • Lack of organelles
  • Spectrin (cytoskeleton protein)
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25
In erythropoesis, _____ stimulates erythrocyte production
EPO
26
Erythropoesis is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by _________
Hypoxia, high O2 content
27
Oxyhemoglobin
O2 bound to Fe
28
Deoxyhemoglobin
No O2 bound to Fe
29
Carbaminohemoglobin
CO2 attached to globin part
30
Hypoxemia
Low O2 in blood
31
Hypoxia
Low O2 in tissue
32
Anemia
Low O2 carrying ability in blood
33
Why can erythrocytes (RBCs) transport oxygen? A. Because cells of the body need oxygen for metabolism B. Because RBC’s contain hemoglobin which have heme units that bind to oxygen. C. Because the heart creates a pressure gradient that forces blood and RBCs through the cardiovascular system D. B&C E. All of the above
B. Because RBC’s contain hemoglobin which have heme units that bind to oxygen.
34
If all the 280 million molecules of hemoglobin inside RBCs were free in the plasma, A. It would cause a considerable increase the blood oxygen carrying capacity B. It would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues irrigated by small capillaries C. It would facilitate the oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries D. It would significantly increase blood osmolarity
D. It would significantly increase blood osmolarity
35
Hypoxemia is sensed by the ______ & ______ then secretes ______ which then stimulates __________ which causes accelerated erythropoesis and increased ______ and _______ transport
liver & kidneys, EPO, red bone marrow, RBC, oxygen | slide 11
36
Expired erythrocytes break up in the ______ & ______ and hgb is degraded and broken into _______ & _______
liver & spleen, globin & heme | slide 11
37
The ______ region of an antibody contains the ________ binding site and the ______ chain
The arm region contains the antigen binding site and light chain
38
the _____ chain is identified by the immune system
heavy (stick part of the antibody
39
An antibody is a protein that binds ________
antigens
40
An ANTI GEN is an...
antibody generator
41
``` Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to ____ and can receive RBCs of type___ A. O; AB B. AB; O C. A; B D. B; A E. O; O ```
B. AB; O
42
Does Rh + contain a surface antigen? Are antibodies produced?
Yes- surface antigen D No antibodies ever produced
43
Does Rh - contain a surface antigen? Are antibodies produced?
No surface antigen No anti-d antibodies unless exposed to rh + blood
44
How can you differentiate a WBC from rBC based on structure?
RBC doesn't have nucleus or organelles whereas leukocytes have a nucleus and granules
45
Name the two agranulocytes
Lymphocyte | Monocyte
46
Name the three granulocytes
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil
47
granulocytes & agranulocytes are what type of cell?
Leukocyte
48
Name this granulocyte: phagocytes, do oxidative burst, 1st at site
Neutrophils
49
Name this granulocyte: phagocytes, destroy parasitic worms
Eosinophils
50
Name this granulocyte: involved in inflammatory responses
Basophils
51
Name this agranulocyte: phagocytes (clean up team), late arrivals
Macrophages
52
Name this agranulocyte: Consist of B-cells, T-cells, KN cells
Lymphocytes
53
non specific Immune cells
NK cell
54
can be divided into T-killer cells and T-helper cells
T-cells
55
differentiate into plasma cells=> antibody producer
B cells
56
Early on, platelets secrete what three things?
Serotonin, Thromboxane, ADP
57
Later on, platelets secrete what two things?
Procoagulants, platelet derived growth factor
58
_______ is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets.
TPO (thrombopoetin) in charge of thrombopoesis
59
This drug is a platelet inhibitor that blocks receptors on platelet
Plavix
60
What phase of hemostasis is this? Blood vessel constricts to limit blood escape.
Vascular spasm
61
What phase of hemostasis is this? Platelets arrive at site of injury and stick to exposed collagen fibers.
Platelet plug formation
62
What phase of hemostasis is this? Cascade that converts inactive proteins to active forms & forms a blood clot
Coagulation phase
63
This med Blocks vitamin K from producing clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X). What pathways does it block?
Warfarin (Coumadin) blocks all pathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, common)
64
This med inhibits coagulation factors Xa and IIa and prevents conversion of prothrombin into thrombin. What pathway does it block?
heparin (Lovenox and Fragmin) Blocks the common coag pathway
65
This med is a direct thrombin inhibitor (competitive/reversible)
DABIGATRAN
66
This med binds directly to activated Factor X (Xa) inactivating it and blocking amplification of Common pathway
RIVAROXABAN
67
This med is a tissue Plasminogen Activator - thrombolytic and catalyzes conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Also administration increases speed of clot breakdown
tPA Note: this is about fibrinolysis and is outside the Intrinsic, Extrinsic and Common Coagulation pathways
68
The sympathetic response is initiated if > _____% blood loss which means _____BP and ______ HR
10, increase, increase to preserve blood function
69
Platelets do NOT secrete ``` A. Procoagulants B. Thrombopoeitin C. Growth factors D. Vasoconstriction E. Chemicals that attract neutrophils ```
D. Vasoconstriction

Pathophys Ex 1 (4 decks)

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