Integumentary (Slides 1-19)- Mace

Question 1

The skin is composed of __________ (epithelium) and the _______ (CT)

Answer 1

epidermis and dermis

Question 2

What are the derivatives of skin?

Answer 2

Hairs, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands, nails

Question 3

Is the hypodermis a part of the skin?

Answer 3

NO

Question 4

The hypodermis is composed of ______ CT & _______ CT

Answer 4

Adipose CT & areolar CT

Question 5

Can you name the layers of the skin from deep to superficial?

Answer 5

Beautiful skin gets loving care (Deep to superficial)

Basement membrane- Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratuem granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corenum

Question 6

The more superficial and top part of the skin as a category is called the _______

Answer 6

epidermis

Question 7

The layers of the epidermis are?

Answer 7

The ones from beautiful skin gets loving care

Question 8

The epidermis is composed of what type of epithelium?

Answer 8

Keratinized stratified squamous

Question 9

The epidermis is composed primairly of what type of cell?

Answer 9

Keratinocytes

Question 10

What are the living layers of the epidermis?

Answer 10

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum

Question 11

What are the dead keratinocyte layers of the epidermis?

Answer 11

Stratum lucidum and stratum corneum

Question 12

The dermis consists of what type of tissue?

Answer 12

Dense, irregular CT

Question 13

What type of cells make up the stratum basale?

Answer 13

Single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cells and attaches to the basement membrane

Question 14

T/F: the sratum basale contains sensory nerve endings for sensing pain and temperature

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The stratum basale contains what three cell types?

Answer 15

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells

Question 16

divide to regenerate new cells, replace old cells shed at the surface

Answer 16

Keratinocytes

Question 17

produce & store melanin in response to UV light, transfer pigment granules into keratinocytes, accumulate around
nucleus of keratinocytes, shield nuclear DNA from UV radiation, responsible for the darker tones of skin

Answer 17

Melanocytes

Question 18

(Merkel cells) are sensitive to touch, when compressed, release chemicals to stimulate sensory nerve endings

Answer 18

Tactile cells

Question 19

Daughter cells from stratum basale pushed into this layer to become specialized, non-dividing keratinocytes, some in deepest level still dividing cells

Answer 19

Stratum spinosum

Question 20

T/F: the sratum spinosum contains sensory nerve endings for sensing pain and temperature

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Which layer of the epidermis contains Langerhans cells?

Answer 21

Stratum spinosum

Question 22

– immune cells that help initiate immune response

– responsive to pathogens and epidermal cancer cells

Answer 22

Epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) that live in the stratum spinosum

Question 23

Which layer of the epidermis has 3-5 layers of keratinocytes

Answer 23

Stratum granulosum

Question 24

Which layer of the epidermis is the first layer of keratinzation?

Answer 24

Stratum granulosum

Question 25

– process where keratinocytes fill with keratin – causes nucleus and organelles to disintegrate – fully keratinized cells are dead but structurally sound – process not complete until more superficial layers

Answer 25

First layer of keratinzation

Question 26

Which layer of the epidermis has 2-3 layers of keratinocytes

Answer 26

Stratum lucidum

Question 27

This layer of epidermis is only found on the palms and shoes and is referred to as the "clear layer"

Answer 27

Stratum lucidum

Question 28

Why does the stratum lucidim appear clear? What protein is responsible for this?

Answer 28

• Appears translucent because keratinocytes are filled with a translucent protein, eleidin (intermediate product in keratin maturation)

Question 29

Which layer of skin is the horn-like layer and that does not have a nucleus?

Answer 29

Stratum corneum

Question 30

Which layer of the epidermis is anucleate

Answer 30

Stratum corneum

Question 31

What layer of the epidermis is this talking about? • Migration of of keratinocytes to stratum corneum takes 2 weeks, the cells remain in stratum corneum another two weeks, then shed • Surface unsuitable for the growth of many microorganisms – secretions of exocrine glands also helping prevent growth

Answer 31

Stratum corneum

Question 32

Which type of skin is on the palms of hands, soles of feet, surfaces of fingers, toes

Answer 32

Thick skin

Question 33

Which layer of skin as all five epidermal strata

Answer 33

Thick skin

Question 34

Which layer of skin has sweat glands, but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands

Answer 34

Thick skin

Question 35

This skin is 0.4 to 0.6 mm thick

Answer 35

Thick skin

Question 36

This layer of skin lacks a stratum lucidum

Answer 36

Thin skin

Question 37

This type of skin has sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands

Answer 37

Thin skin

Question 38

This type of skin is from 0.075 to 0.150 mm thick

Answer 38

Think skin

Question 39

Where do we get the red tint in our skin from?

Answer 39

* Reddish tint due to the presence of hemoglobin in blood vessels in dermis * Hemoglobin is an oxygen binding compound present in red blood cells * More visible if blood vessels dilate (vasodilation)

Question 40

Where do we get the tan tint in our skin from?

Answer 40

* black, brown, tan, yellow-brown shades * Pigment produced and stored in melanocytes, transferred to keratinocytes of stratum basale * Amount in skin varies according to heredity and light exposure (UV light stimulates production of melanin) * All people with same number of melanocytes * Activity and color varying among individuals, darker skinned people produce more and darker colored melanin

Question 41

Describe the mechanism of a sun tan

Answer 41

1. UV light damages the DNA in a keratinocyte 2. Damaged cell stimulates p53 3. p53 produced PCOM 4. PCOM produces alpha-MSH and B-endorphins * *beta endorphins make us feel good in the sun 5. alpha MSH stimulates MC1R on the melanocyte 6. Liberation of cAMP 7. cAMP goes into DNA and stimulates MITF (melanin inducing factor) 8. Result = increased pigment production