Blood Parasites

Question 1

Formerly known as gall sickness

Answer 1

Anaplasmosis

Question 2

Family and genus of anaplasmosis

Answer 2

F - anaplasmataceae
G - anaplasma

Question 3

What causes bovine anaplasma? What is it called if it has an appendage?

Answer 3

Cause - Anaplasma marginale
With appendage - Anaplasma caudatum

Question 4

Type of anaplasma which infects sheep, goat, and deer.

Answer 4

A. ovis

Question 5

Vector of bovine anaplasma in Australia and Africa. And USA

Answer 5

Australia and Africa - Rhipecephalus boophilus
USA - Rhipecephalus dermacentor

Question 6

(of anaplasmosis) Chronically infected cattle that are generally immune to further clinical disease may relapse to anaplasmosis when they are given this type of drug and undergo a specific type of surgery

Answer 6

Cortecosteroids (immunosuppresive drugs) and splenectomy.

Question 7

Anaplasmosis is often fatal or severe in what age group of cattle?

Answer 7

> 2-yr-old (or old cattle)

Question 8

A blood parasite that causes progressive anemia due to extravascular destruction of infected and uninfected erythrocytes.

Answer 8

Anaplasma

Question 9

What is the rarest but most severe stage of anaplasmosis? This stage is (rarely) followed after the prepatent period. (What is the prepatent period of anaplasmosis?)

Answer 9

Peracute
15-36 days, but can last to 100 days

Question 10

Which breed of cattle shows greater resistance to anaplasmosis?
Bos indicus vs Bos taurus

Answer 10

B. indicus

Question 11

General lesions of cattle that die from anaplasmosis.
What causes these lesions?

Answer 11

Anemic and jaundiced. Caused by erythrophagocytosis

Question 12

Spleen lesion of cattle with anaplasmosis

Answer 12

Enlarged and soft with prominent follicles.

Question 13

Color of liver of infected cattle positive with anaplasmosis

Answer 13

Mottled and yellow-orange

Question 14

Gallbladder lesion of anaplamosis positive cattle

Answer 14

Distended with thick green or brown bile.

Question 15

Hepatic and mediastinun lesion of cattle with anaplasmosis

Answer 15

Organs appear brown. With serrous effusions, edema, petechial hemorrhages in the epi and endocardium.

Question 16

Causative agents of tick fever.

Answer 16

Anaplasma marginale
Babesia bovis
Babesia bigemina

Question 17

Stain use to distinguish anaplasmosis from babesiosis and other conditions that resulted in anemia and jaundice such as leptospirosis and theileriosis. And also the confirmatory test for the two diseases.

Answer 17

Giemsa Stain

Question 18

Differentiate the location of (Blue-purple) inclusions of A centrale and A marginale of infected erythrocytes.

Answer 18

Centrale - center
Marginale - toward the margin

Question 19

A kind of abnormal red blood cell morphology which is frequently present in anaplasmosis characterized by small evenly spaced thorny projections.

Answer 19

Echinocytes (hedgehog or eea urchin)

Question 20

Drug of choice for anaplasmosis

Answer 20

Tetracyclines and imidocarbs.

Question 21

Dosage of single IM injection of xytetracycline for anaplasmosis.

Answer 21

20mg/kg.

Question 22

Drug and dose of cattle positive with chronic anaplasmosis

Answer 22

IM oxytetracycline, 20mg/kg, twice with 1-wk interval

Question 23

Why is imidocarb frowned upon as compared to tetracycline in treatment for anaplasmosis?

Answer 23

Imidocarb is a suspected carcinogen.

Question 24

Aside from oxytetracucline, what is the second most effective drug against anaplasmosis? Dose?

Answer 24

Imidocarb
As dihydrochloride salt - 1m5mg/kg, SC
As imidocarb propionate - 3mg/kg

For elimination of carrier state
2 injections, 5 mg/kg, IM/SC dihydrochloride salt

Question 25

Two important babesia spp in cattle

Answer 25

B. bigemina and B. bovis

Question 26

Main vector of b. bigemina and b. bovis

Answer 26

1-host Rhipecephalus boophilus

Question 27

Mode of transmission of babesia

Answer 27

Transovarial

Question 28

Difference bet. B. bigemina and B. bovis innterms of tranmission and virulence

Answer 28

B. bigemina has a higher transmission But B. bovis is more virulent.

Question 29

Pathogenic difference bet. Babesia bigemina and bovis

Answer 29

Bigemina - directly targets erythrocyte destruction Bovis - hypotensive shock syndrome, generalized nonspecific inflammation, coagulation disturbance and erythrocytic stasis in capillaries.

Question 30

Babesia spp which can cause CNS involvement due to adhesion of parasitized erythrocytes in brain capillaries.

Answer 30

B. bovis.

Question 31

Hemoglobinuria and hemoglobinemia occur in the early stage of babesiosis.

Answer 31

False. It occurs in the final stage.

Question 32

Aside from anemia snd jaundice, what are gross lessions of B. bovis.l in liver, spleen, kidney, and gallbladder.

Answer 32

Liver - swollen with enlarged gallbladder Spleen - enlarged and friable Kidney - dark color

Question 33

Hemoglobinuria is most commonly seen in animals infected with babesia spp, Bigemina or Bovis?

Answer 33

Bigemina

Question 34

A babesia spp where the parasitic pairs are at an obtuse angle to each other and measure 1-1.5 x 0.5-1micrometer

Answer 34

B. Bovis

Question 35

A babesia spp where the parasitic pairs are at an acute angle to each other and measure 3-3.5 x 1-1.5 micrometer

Question 36

Drug of choice for treating babesiosis in cattle.

Answer 36

Imidocarb and diminazene aceturate. Imidocarb - SC, 1.2 mg/kg Diminazene - IM, 3.5 mg/kg

Question 37

Babesia spp that can infect humans.

Answer 37

Microti and Divergens

Question 38

Known Babesia spp that can infect temperate-zoned cattle.

Answer 38

B. divergens and B. major

Question 39

What transmits B major and B divergens?

Answer 39

M - Haemaphysalis punctata D - Ixodes ricinus

Question 40

In horses, this type of blood parasite is formerly known as Babesia.

Answer 40

Theileria

Question 41

Parasite spp that causes babesia in horses.

Answer 41

Theleria equi or B caballi

Question 42

What transmits T equi and B caballi?

Answer 42

Ticks of the genera Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus

Question 43

Intrauterine transmission of babesia in horses is common

Answer 43

T

Question 44

Babesia spp that infects goats and sheep.

Answer 44

B motasi - Rhipicephalus bursa B ovis - Haemaphysalis spp

Question 45

Babesia spp that infects pigs.

Answer 45

B traumatmanni B perroncitoni

Question 46

Babesia spp that infects dogs and cats.

Answer 46

B canis - dermacentoe reticularis B vogeli - rhipicephalus sanguineus B rossi - haemaphysalis leachi

Question 47

Babesia spp that infects dogs that are not readily treated with normal babesiacides. (How about for cats)

Answer 47

B gibsoni in dogs B felis in cats (primaquine phosphate, 0.5mg/kg, IM, twice with 24hr interval is reported to be effective)

Question 48

Lone star tick in felines that carries cytauxzoon felis

Answer 48

Amblyomma americanum