RBC

Question 1

How many heme and globin molecules are present in a single hemoglobin molecule?

Answer 1

4 globins (2 alpha and 2 beta) and 4 heme units

Question 2

Enzyme responsible for the addition of iron to hemoglobin

Answer 2

Ferrochelatase enzyme

Question 3

Only known hemoglobinopathy in animals

Answer 3

Porphyria

Question 4

Known cause of porphyria in cattles

Answer 4

Photosensitivity

Question 5

What happens to EPO production when an animal is hypoxic?

Answer 5

It increases

Question 6

T or F.
Renal failure is associated with anemia

Answer 6

T

Question 7

A glycoprotein cytokine responsible for the release of immature reticulocyte in the bone marrow

Answer 7

EPO

Question 8

Type of macrophage involved in the clearance of mature RBC from the circulation and iron absorption

Answer 8

Red pulp macrophage

Question 9

How is billirubin formed?

Answer 9

senescent RBC’s are expelled from circulation by the RPM in the spleen. They are then broken down into heme and globin. Excess heme are then converted to billirubin which is then released together with albumin to the circulation to the hepatocytes.

Question 10

Where is billirubin excreted?

Answer 10

Bile

Question 11

How much blood is hemolyzed in the circulation? (Normal circulation)

Answer 11

1%

Question 12

Define haptoglobin

Answer 12

Hemolyzed Hgb in circulation is converted into Hgb dimers and bind to haptoglobin which then transports it to the liver.

Question 13

What causes hemoglobinuria?

Answer 13

Intravascular anemia hemolyzes more blood than extravascular anemia. Since more RBC is destroyed in the circulation than can be bound to haptoglobin, excess Hgb and iron are excreted via urine (hemoglobinuria)

Question 14

Principal pathy way of RBC

Answer 14

Glycolysis

Question 15

What happens to ATP and NADH during glycolysis?

Answer 15

ATP is produced and NADH is reduced.

Question 16

What pathway is responsible for the reduction of NADH?

Answer 16

Glycolysis and Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway.

Question 17

define Hexose Monophosphate shunt

Answer 17

Excess glucose from glycolysis is metabolized via this pathway and no energy is produced. Its prime function is to maintain the reduction of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

Question 18

What happens to ATP production when pyruvate kinase is compromised?

Answer 18

Low PK will result to ATP defficiency, anemia, and low RBC lifespan

Question 19

Another term for methemoglobin?

Answer 19

Ferrihemoglobin

Question 20

A type of hemoglobin which is formed when the iron group is in ferric state and not the ferrous or normal hemoglobin state.

Answer 20

Methemoglobin

Question 21

Define methemoglobin

Answer 21

A type of hemoglobin formed from the oxidation of hemoglobin from the ferrous state (Fe++) to the ferric state (Fe+++)

Question 22

Limiting factor for acute blood loss anemia.

Answer 22

Loss of circulating volume

Question 23

Limiting factor of chronic blood loss

Answer 23

Iron defficiency

Question 24

Which among the following malignant RBC precursors is chronic and acute? Erythroleukemia and Polycythemia

Answer 24

E - acute
P - chronic