Blood - Parts 2 & 3

Question 1

Albumin

Answer 1

Protein in Plasma that helps regulate blood volume

Question 2

Edema

Answer 2

Fluid leaking into the tissue

Question 3

Hemoglobin, Oxy-, Deoxy-

Answer 3

molecule in RBC carries oxygen, can be oxygenated on deoxygenized

Question 4

What are normal hemoglobin levels?

Answer 4

M: 13.8 - 17.2 g/dL
F: 12.1 - 15.1 g/dL

Question 5

Explain the 10/30 rules.

Answer 5

Blood Transfusion rule of thumb suggesting transfusion occur hemoglobin < 10 g / dL or hematocrit < 30%

Question 6

Hematocrit

Answer 6

percent of whole blood that is comprised by RBC by volume

Question 7

What are normal hematocrit levels?

Answer 7

M: 42 to 52%
F: 36 to 48%

Question 8

Descibe blood circulation

Answer 8

Blood leaves right side of heart, goes to lungs, drops off CO2, picks up Oxy, goes to left side of heart, delivered to body tissue via aorta.

Question 9

Capillaries

Answer 9

microscopic blood vessels that exchange oxygen and CO2, also exchange water, chemicals and heat to regulate body temperature

Question 10

Arteries and Veins

Answer 10

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Small ones are called arterioles and venules.
Arteries are deep, Veins are superficial.

Question 11

Anemia

Answer 11

RBC or hemoglobin is below normal

Question 12

Hypoxia

Answer 12

lack of oxygen in organs, caused by anemia

Question 13

Symptoms of Anemia: Common, Severe, Very Severe

Answer 13

Common: Weakness, Fatigue, Malaise, Poor Concentration
Severe: Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
Very Severe: Heart palpitations, Sweatiness, Heart Failure

Question 14

Anemia effect on the metabolism

Answer 14

Anemia forces muscles to depend on anaerobic metabolism

Question 15

Diabetes

Answer 15

metabolic disorder, blood glucose is too high due to lack of effective insulin

Question 16

Glucose and Insulin

Answer 16

Sugar in the blood

Hormone needed to transfer glucose to tissue

Question 17

Serious Risks of Diabetes

Answer 17

Glucose sticks to vessel walls create blockage, amputation, weak immune system

Question 18

Neuropathy

Answer 18

numbness of hands and feet caused by diabetes

Question 19

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 19

Autoimmune disease, immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells in pancreas

Question 20

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 20

90 - 95%, associated with overweight and older age, insulin produced is not effective

Question 21

Normal Blood pressure is…

Answer 21

less than 120 systolic / 80 diastolic

increases at 20 and 10

Question 22

Risks of Hypertension

Answer 22

strokes, heart attacks, heart faliure (CHF)(#1 Risk), aneurysm, arterioclerosis (hardening of arteries)

Question 23

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 23

hardening of arteries

Question 24

angina

Answer 24

chest pain

Question 25

BMI

Answer 25

Body Mass Index, kg/m2, Ideal BMI is 19-25

levels in 5s

Question 26

Ischemia leads to necrosis

Answer 26

deficiency of blood to the tissue can cause death of tissue

Question 27

Obesity - Risks of operating - 4 Risks

Answer 27

infection, clots, wound complications, blood loss

Question 28

Surgery is more difficult - 4 Reasons

Answer 28

difficult access, more tissue, visibility, patient positioning