Knee

Question 1

Two Articulations (bones make contact) of Knee

Answer 1

femur / tibia, patella / femur

Question 2

4 Knee Ligaments

Answer 2

ACL, PCL, LCL, MCL

Question 3

4 Knee Bones

Answer 3

Femur, Tibia, Patella, Fibula

Question 4

Conditions leading to knee surgery (3)

Answer 4

Osteoarthritis (wear and tear) Rheumatoid Arthritis (autoimmune attack on synovium) Avascular Necrosis (AVN) (loss of blood supply)

Question 5

Common Knee Procedures (4), explain each

Answer 5

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) (Unilateral) - Completely replace one knee with prosthesis Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty - Both knees replaced Unicompartmental (Unicondylar Knee) - Repair one side of the knee Revision - Replace old hardware

Question 6

Standard Knee Approaches (2) + 4 MIS

Answer 6

Mid-Vastus, Median Parapatellar MIS: Sub-Vastus, Mini Mid-Vastus, Mid-Quad Split, Quad Spar

Question 7

Knee Implant Components

Answer 7

Femoral - Curved Tibial & Polyethylene Liner - Flat Metal Platform Patella (button)

Question 8

Knee Implant: Cemented vs Cementless vs Hybrid

Answer 8

Cemented - bone cement used Cementless - fit, porous material Hybrid - little of both

Question 9

Knee Implant: PCL Retaining vs Non-PCL Retain

Answer 9

Some implants allow sparing the PCL

Question 10

Knee: Tourniquet vs. Tourniquet-less

Answer 10

Tourn - Deflate after implants in place, treat internal wounds or until wound closed Tourn-less - not at all or only when implants are cemented in

Question 11

Benefits of Tourniquet

Answer 11

Reduced blood loss Improved visibility Cleaner bone surfaces Shorter Op Time

Question 12

Risks of Tourniquet

Answer 12

Deep Vein Thromb (DVT) Embolic Events Altered Wound Healing Vascular Compromise Swelling Neuro / Muscle Damage

Question 13

Knee Anatomy: Tibia, Fibula, Patella, Femur, ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

Answer 13

Anatomy