Blood Pressure

Question 1

What is Blood Pressure?

Answer 1

The force the blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels.

Question 2

What does blood pressure reflect?

Answer 2

Reflects how hard the heart is working to pump blood (Normal is 120/80)

Question 3

How is the pressure described?

Answer 3

As a fraction: Systole and Diastole

Question 4

What is systole?

Answer 4

The top number, cardiac work phase

Question 5

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 5

The force that the blood exerts in the arteries when it is ejected from the left ventricle.

Question 6

What is Diastolic pressure

Answer 6

The force the blood exerts in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed.

Question 7

How is blood pressure commonly measured?

Answer 7

With a sphygmomanometer and the brachial artery.

Question 8

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 8

• The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures.
• Represents the force that the heart generates each time it contracts.
• Normally 40
• Represents contractile force

Question 9

What affects blood pressure?

Answer 9

• Cardiac output
• peripheral (systemic) vascular resistance

(BP = CO × PVR, where BP is blood pressure, CO is cardiac output, and PVR is peripheral vascular resistance).

Question 10

What is cardiac output?

Answer 10

The amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute.

CO = SV x HR

Question 11

Other variables that influence blood pressure?

Answer 11

-blood volume and viscosity
-venous return
- heart rate
-cardiac contractility
-arterial elasticity
(Typically, increases in these variables will increase blood pressure)

Question 12

Which variable is an exception, for which decreases increase blood pressure?

Answer 12

Arterial Elasticity

Question 13

What is stroke volume?

Answer 13

amount of blood ejected from the heart with each contraction.

Question 14

What is Ejection Fraction?

Answer 14

How much blood the left ventricle pumps out per contraction (normal range is 50-70).

Question 15

What is Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)?

Answer 15

the force opposing the blood in peripheral circulation

Question 16

What happens to the Peripheral vascular resistance as the diameter decreases?

Answer 16

The PVR increases

Increases as blood vessel diameter decreases

Question 17

What does the Ejection Fraction range measure?

Answer 17

It can help diagnose and track conditions that impact cardiac output.

Question 18

What does the Stimulation of the SNS do when it initiates systemic vasoconstriction?

Answer 18

Raise blood pressure

Question 19

What helps aid in hypotension?

Answer 19

-Vasoconstriction

vasoconstriction is helpful in mitigating hypotension, such as occurs with shock

Question 20

What happens with Shock? Is there vasodilation or vasoconstriction?

Answer 20

Vasodilation (causing hypotension)

Question 21

What is Afterload?

Answer 21

• The pressure needed to eject blood (factor of blood viscosity and PVR).
• The pressure that the left ventricle must exert to get the blood out of the heart and into the aorta.

Question 22

What does Peripheral resistance affect?

Answer 22

Afterload

Question 23

The higher the Afterload?

Answer 23

The harder it is for the heart to eject blood, thus lowering stroke volume.

Question 24

Preload

Answer 24

Amount of blood returning (factor of blood volume and venous return)

Question 25

Afterload, stroke volume is affected by?

Answer 25

Preload

Question 26

Preload is?

Answer 26

The amount of blood returning to the heart that the heart must then manage.

Question 27

What two things can affect blood pressure?

Answer 27

Afterload and Preload

Question 28

What happens as both Afterload and Preload increase?

Answer 28

Blood Pressure increase

Question 29

What hormones impact blood pressure?

Answer 29

- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | - Aldosterone

Question 30

What is the function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Answer 30

increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, therefore increases blood volume and pressure

Question 31

What is the function of Aldosterone?

Answer 31

Increases blood volume by increasing reabsorption of Na+ in kidneys (sodium attracts water)

Question 32

Which hormone is a vasoconstrictor, which increases PVR?

Answer 32

Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 33

What does increasing renal water reabsorption do?

Answer 33

Increases blood volume.

Question 34

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Answer 34

- Control/compensatory mechanism | - Activated when renal blood flow is decreased

Question 35

The RAAS system functions in what organ?

Answer 35

Kidneys

Question 36

Give one example when renal blood flow is decreased?

Answer 36

In the case of Hypotensive states

Question 37

What gets released from the kidneys, when renal blood flow decreases?

Answer 37

Renin

Question 38

What does Renin activate?

Answer 38

angiotensin I

Question 39

What is Angiotensin I converted to?

Answer 39

Angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor), and stimulating aldosterone secretion.

Question 40

The RAAS system mechanism does what (in hypotensive states)?

Answer 40

Raises blood pressure and maintains the blood supply to vital organs.

Question 41

In Chronic disease states such as Hypertension, what mechanism is inappropriately activated because of vasoconstriction to the kidneys, further contributing to the hypertension?

Answer 41

The RAAS system