Blood Pressure

Question 0

Diastolic pressure DP

Answer 0

Pressure in arteries when left ventricle is relaxing

Question 1

Systolic pressure SP

Answer 1

Pressure in arteries when left ventricle is contracting

Question 2

Pulse pressure PP

Answer 2

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

PP = SP - DP

Question 3

Mean arterial blood pressure MAP

Answer 3

A single measurement of arterial blood pressure

Question 4

____ = diastolic pressure + pulse pressure/3

Answer 4

Mean arterial blood pressure MAP

Question 5

High number is the ____ pressure

Answer 5

Systolic

Question 6

Low number is ____ pressure

Answer 6

Diastolic

Question 7

Typical reading is ____ over ___ mmHg

Answer 7

120 mmHg
___________
80 mmHg

Question 8

140/90 or above is considered

Answer 8

Hypertension

Question 9

What is blood flow

Answer 9

The amount of blood flowing through vessels per unit of time (mL/min) (L/min)

Question 10

Blood flows ____ in arteries

Answer 10

Fastest

Question 11

Blood flows ____ in capillaries

Answer 11

Slowest

Question 12

Produced as the blood encounters friction and turbulence against the vessel wall

Answer 12

Resistance (R) to blood flow

Question 13

Increased resistance ____ blood flow

Answer 13

Decreases

Question 14

For blood to flow, blood pressure must ____

Answer 14

Overcome resistance

Question 15

Greatest resistance is in the arterioles and is called

Answer 15

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

Question 16

Blood pressure formula

Answer 16

Blood pressure = Flow X Resistance

Question 17

Increase in BP causes ____ Flow

Answer 17

Increase

Question 18

Decrease in BP cause ____ flow

Answer 18

Decrease

Question 19

Increase in resistance causes ____ in flow

Answer 19

Decrease

Question 20

Decrease in resistance causes ____ in flow

Answer 20

Increase

Question 21

What are the factors that affect flow

Answer 21

1) cardiac output (CO)

2) blood volume

Question 22

Cardiac output

Answer 22

Amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one minute

Question 23

Blood volume

Answer 23

Total amount of blood in body

Question 24

Factors affecting resistance

Answer 24

1) diameter of the blood vessel 2) viscosity of the blood 3) length of the blood vessel

Question 25

What are the two systems for regulation of blood pressure

Answer 25

(1) local | (2) central

Question 26

(Local auto-regulation of blood flow) | Tissues regulate blood flow to meet their needs by producing local vasodilators -

Answer 26

- Decrease O2 - increase CO2 - increase acid - increase NO - increase tissue temperature - inflammatory chemicals such as histamine

Question 27

(Central cardiovascular centers) Cardio____ , cardio___, and Vaso____ Centers in the ____

Answer 27

Cardio accelerator, cardio inhibitory, and vasomotor centers in the medulla oblongata

Question 28

What does the central cardiovascular centers do

Answer 28

- help regulate heart rate and stroke volume - vasomotor center regulates vessels diameter - regulation is done by input from the body sensory receptors to these centers and output from the centers to the heart and blood vessels

Question 29

The cerebral cortex, limbic system, and the hypothalamus are all

Answer 29

Higher brain centers

Question 30

Proprioceptors

Answer 30

In skeletal muscles and joints. Monitor physical activity or movement during exercise.

Question 31

Baroreceptors

Answer 31

Monitor changes in blood pressure in the vessels

Question 32

Chemoreceptors

Answer 32

Monitor concentration of O2, CO2, and H+ in the blood

Question 33

What are two of baroreceptors reflexes

Answer 33

1) aortic reflex | 2) carotid sinus reflex

Question 34

Aortic reflex

Answer 34

- receptors in the wall of ascending sorta - sensory input to cardiovascular centers in medulla - maintains normal systemic blood pressure

Question 35

Carotid sinus reflex

Answer 35

- receptors in carotid artery wall - sensory input to cardiovascular centers in medulla - maintains normal blood pressure in the brain

Question 36

Chemoreceptors reflexes

Answer 36

- carotid bodies and aortic bodies - detect changes in blood levels of decreased O2 (hypoxia) , increased CO2 ( hypercapnia) , and increased H+ (acidosis) - causes stimulation of the cardioacceleratory center - increases sympathetic stimulation to heart and vessels - increase cardiac output and BP - increase breathing rate

Question 37

Increase heart rate and increase heart muscle contraction force

Answer 37

Sympathetic

Question 38

Decrease heart rate

Answer 38

Parasympathetic

Question 39

Within the blood vessels there are sympathetic vasomotor nerves these...

Answer 39

- decreased stimulation produces dilation - increased stimulation produces construction - continual stimulation keeps arterioles in tonic contraction called vasomotor tone

Question 40

What are the types of circulation

Answer 40

- Systemic circulation - pulmonary circulation - coronary circulation - hepatic portal circulation

Question 41

From the left ventricle into the arterial system to the whole body then drained by the venous system and back to the right atrium

Answer 41

Systemic circulation

Question 42

From the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries to the lungs then back by the pulmonary veins into the left atrium.

Answer 42

Pulmonary circulation

Question 43

Blood supply to the heart tissues from coronary arteries drained by the cardiac veins to the coronary sinus and into the right atrium

Answer 43

Coronary circulation

Question 44

The hepatic portal vein receives venous blood from the abdominal organs, passes it through the liver to the hepatic veins and into the inferior vena cava

Answer 44

Hepatic portal circulation