Vessels

Question 0

Blood flows ____ from the in arteries

Answer 0

Away

Question 1

What is the basic circulatory route?

Answer 1

Heart 
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries  Tissues
Venules 
Veins
Heart

Question 2

Blood flows ____ heart in veins

Answer 2

Toward

Question 3

How much blood do veins carry

Answer 3

64%

Question 4

Veins have ____ spaced valves

Answer 4

Regularly

Question 5

Why do arteries have thicker walls than veins

Answer 5

Arteries have thicker walls because they have the highest blood pressure.

Question 6

What is the blood distribution at rest?

Answer 6

Systemic venous system 64%
Systemic arterial system 13%
Pulmonary circuit 9%
Systemic capillaries 7%
Heart 7%

Question 7

What are the 3 layers of the vessel wall?

Answer 7

1) tunica externa (collagen and elastic fibers)
2) tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibers)
3) tunica intima (endothelium, basement membrane, and elastic fibers)

Question 8

Elastic arteries

Answer 8

• more elastic tissue than muscle tissue
• all large arteries such as the aorta
• allow the larger arteries to expand when receiving blood and recoil to push blood forward.

Question 9

Muscular arteries

Answer 9

• more muscle tissue than elastic tissue
• all medium size arteries
• capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation to adjust the amount of blood flow through the vessel.

Question 10

Arterioles

Answer 10

• small size arteries
• deliver blood to capillaries
• smallest ones lose tunica externa
• called resistance blood vessels because their vasoconstriction increases resistance, and their vasodilation (relaxation) decreases resistance to blood flow.

Question 11

ANASTOMOSES

Answer 11

Union of two or more arteries supplying the same body region.

Question 12

Blockage of only one pathway has no effect on…

Answer 12

Circle of Willis (underneath brain) 
Coronary circulation (around the heart muscles)

Question 13

Collateral Circulation

Answer 13

Using an alternate route of blood flow through an anastomoses

Question 14

What are capillaries, function and description

Answer 14

• microscopic vessels form microcirculation
• tubes of endothelium and basement membrane
• connect to the smallest arterioles to the smallest venules
• function in exchange of substances with tissues
• interconnect like a net to form a capillary bed

Question 15

What are the different types of capillaries

Answer 15

1) continuous capillaries
2) fenestrated capillaries
3) sinusoids capillaries

Question 16

Continuous Capillaries

Answer 16

• adjacent endothelial cells form a tight fit
• they are the least permeable capillaries
• most important in the brain

Question 17

What capillary forms the blood brain barrier?

Answer 17

Continuous Capillaries

Question 18

Fenestrated Capillaries

Answer 18

• pores/holes through the endothelial cells
• they have medium permeability
• most important in the kidneys

Question 19

What capillary picks up waste?

Answer 19

Fenestrated Capillaries

Question 20

Sinusoids Capillaries

Answer 20

• Large gaps between the endothelial cells
• They are the most permeable capillaries
• They are the largest capillaries
• Most important in the liver

Question 21

What is the capillary exchange

Answer 21

Passage of water and solutes between capillary blood and the interstitial fluid.

Question 22

What are the three methods of capillary exchange?

Answer 22

1. Diffusion
2. Thanscytosis
3. Bulk flow

Question 23

Diffusion is movement of solute from ___ to ___ concentration

Answer 23

High to low

Question 24

What is transcytosis

Answer 24

Is movement of large molecule across capillary cells by formation of pinocytotic vesicles.

Question 25

Bulk flow

Answer 25

Filtration and reabsorption

Question 26

Movement of fluid and solute from capillaries into interstitial fluid is

Answer 26

Filtration

Question 27

Movement of fluid and solute from interstitial fluid into capillaries is

Answer 27

Reabsorption

Question 28

What are the two opposing pressures at work?

Answer 28

1) blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) | 2) blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP)

Question 29

What is BHP

Answer 29

Is the blood pressure in the capillaries that pushes fluid out

Question 30

What is BCOP

Answer 30

Is a suction pressure that pulls fluid back in

Question 31

On ____ side of capillary, BHP > BCOP =

Answer 31

Arteriole, push > pull

Question 32

Higher BHP on arteriole side pushes water and solute from capillary into interstitial fluid

Answer 32

Filtration

Question 33

On ____ side of capillary, BCOP > BHP =

Answer 33

Venule, pull > push

Question 34

Higher BCOP on venule side pulls water and solute from interstitial fluid into capillary

Answer 34

Reabsorption

Question 35

What is the force that pushes blood through the blood vessels

Answer 35

Blood pressure

Question 36

Blood flows from ____ pressure to ____ pressure

Answer 36

Higher;lower

Question 37

Blood pressure is the highest in the ___ and lowest in the ____

Answer 37

Aorta; Vena Cava

Question 38

Differences in arterial pressure from aorta to arterioles

Answer 38

Arterial pressure gradient

Question 39

Arterial pressure gradient averages about ___ mmHg

Answer 39

60

Question 40

Difference in pressure from arterial side to venule side of the capillary bed

Answer 40

Capillary pressure gradient

Question 41

Capillary pressure gradient averages about ____ mmHg

Answer 41

20

Question 42

Difference in pressure from venules to vena Cavae

Answer 42

Venous pressure gradient

Question 43

Venous pressure gradient averages about ___ mmHg

Answer 43

15

Question 44

mmHg stands for?

Answer 44

Millimeters of Mercury

Question 45

______ is very low (only 15 mmHg) and can not account for the return of all the blood to the heart

Answer 45

Venous pressure gradient

Question 46

What is the first factor that aids in venous return

Answer 46

Contraction of skeletal muscles squeeze veins and push blood towards the heart

Question 47

What is the second factor that aids in venous return

Answer 47

Venous valves prevent back flow of blood once it is squeezed past them

Question 48

What is the third factor that aids in venous return

Answer 48

Breathing squeeze pulmonary veins