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Y1 AP Cardiovascular > Blood pressure > Flashcards

Blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force of blood pushing against the wall of an artery

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2
Q

What is blood pressure measured in?

A

mm of mercury (mmHg)

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3
Q

Why is systolic pressure always higher than diastolic?

A

Contraction of the heart generates greater pressure within the walls of the arteries compared to relaxation

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4
Q

Factors that effect blood pressure…

A

Cardiac output

Peripheral resistance

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5
Q

What is peripheral resistance?

A

A measure of the diameter of the elasticity of the vessel walls

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6
Q

How do we control our blood pressure?

A

Using short term and long term regulation methods

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7
Q

Examples of short term blood pressure regulation methods?

A

Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Higher centres in the brain; cardiovascular centre

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8
Q

How do baroreceptors play a part in the regulation of blood pressure?

A

Stress receptors in the lining of the blood vessels (baroreceptor reflex)

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9
Q

How do chemoreceptors play a part in the regulation of blood pressure?

A

Chemical receptors (hormones)

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10
Q

What is the cardiovascular centre (CVC) in the brain?

A

A collection of interconnected neurones in the medulla and the pons of the brain stem
Receives, integrates and coordinates the input from baroreceptors, chemoreceptors and higher centres in the brain

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11
Q

How does the cardiovascular centre regulate blood pressure?

A

Receives signals from both the para-sympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
Controls blood pressure by slowing down or speeding up heart rate and/or dilating or constricting blood vessels

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12
Q

Types of long term blood pressure regulation?

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldesterone system (RAAS) - hormonal system
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - works in the kidneys
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - hormone, released from the heart and causes water and sodium loss from the kidneys

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13
Q

What is classed as normal blood pressure?

A

Systolic less than 120
AND
Diastolic less than 80

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14
Q

What is classed as elevated blood pressure?

A

Systolic 120-129
AND
Diastolic less than 80

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15
Q

What is classed as high blood pressure (hypertension stage I)

A

Systolic 130-139
OR
Diastolic 80-89

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16
Q

What is classed as high blood pressure (hypertension stage II)

A

Systolic 140 or higher
OR
Diastolic 90 or higher

17
Q

What is classed as hypertensive crisis?

A

Systolic higher than 180
AND/OR
Diastolic higher than 120

18
Q

What is the opposite of hypertension?

A

Hypotension

19
Q

What is classed as hypotension?

A

Systolic less than 90
OR
Diastolic less than 60

Y1 AP Cardiovascular (14 decks)

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