blood supply and innervation to thoracic wall

Question 1

what forms the intercostal nerves?

Answer 1

ventral rami of spinal nerves T1-T11. run in intercostal groove on rib the length of intercostal space

Question 2

lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves?

Answer 2

pierce through internal and external intercostal muscles and supply skin of lateral thoracic and abdominal walls

Question 3

anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves?

Answer 3

protrude medially in intercostal space, supply skin of anterior aspect of thorax and abdomen

Question 4

posterior intercostal arteries

Answer 4

branch from superior intercostal artery in intercostal spaces 1 and 2. rest branch from thoracic aorta.

Question 5

anterior intercostal arteries

Answer 5

arise from internal thoracic artery

Question 6

blood supply of thoracic wall?

Answer 6

run in intercostal grooves and anstomose on lateral portion of body wall

Question 7

internal thoracic arteries

Answer 7

arise from thyrocervical trunk of subclavian. descend into thorax deep to clavicle and first costal cartilage. bifurcate into musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries

Question 8

what are the division of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 8

the pulmonary cavities and the mediastinum

Question 9

what are the two continuous membranes that enclose each lung?

Answer 9

visceral pleura and parietal pleura

Question 10

visceral pleura

Answer 10

invests all surfaces of lungs

Question 11

parietal pleura

Answer 11

lines pulmonary cavities, lining wall

Question 12

what is space between parietal pleura and visceral pleura filled with?

Answer 12

serous pleural fluid

Question 13

what are the division of the parietal pleura?

Answer 13

costal part, mediastinal part, diaphragmatic part, cervical part

Question 14

what is pleurisy?

Answer 14

inflammation of pleurae that includes sharp chest pain that wosens with breathing.

Question 15

etiology of pleurisy?

Answer 15

viral, bacterial, and fungal pneumonias, autoimmune disorders such as rhuematoid arthritis, lung cancer, rib fracture, and inherited conditions such as sickle cell

Question 16

what are the recesses of the pleura?

Answer 16

costodiaphragmatic recess and costomediastinal recess

Question 17

structure of tracheobronchial tree?

Answer 17

begins at larynx. rings of hyaline cartilage form walls of bronchus.

Question 18

trachea

Answer 18

located in mediastinum. bifurcates at transverse thoracic plane into bronchi

Question 19

right bronchus

Answer 19

wider, shorter runs more vertically

Question 20

left bronchus

Answer 20

passes inferolaterally to the arch of the aorta and esophagus to hilum of left lung

Question 21

conducting bronchioles

Answer 21

transport air

Question 22

respiratory bronchioles

Answer 22

contain thin walled outpockets (alveoli) for gas exchange in lung

Question 23

blood supply of lungs?

Answer 23

pulmonary arteries, superior and inferior pulmonary veins, bronchial arteries

Question 24

pulmonary arteries

Answer 24

arise from pulmonary trunk. carry low oxygen back to lungs. divide into secondary lobar arteries that then divide into tertiary segmental arteries

Question 25

superior and interior pulmonary veins

Answer 25

carry oxygen rich blood from lungs to left atrium of heart

Question 26

bronchial arteries

Answer 26

supply blood to tissues of lung and visceral pleura

Question 27

innervation of lungs?

Answer 27

pulmonary plexuses

Question 28

parasympathetic fibers of pulmonary plexuses?

Answer 28

presynaptic fibers from vagus nerve that provide motor to smooth muscles of bronchial tree (constrictor), and is inhibitory to pulmonary vessels, secretory to glands of bronchial tree

Question 29

sympathetic fibers of pulmonary plexuses?

Answer 29

postsynpatic fibers. ganglia of sympathetic trunk, inhibitory to bronchial muscles, motor to pulmonary vessels, inhibitory to alveolar glands

Question 30

visceral afferents of pulmonary plexuses?

Answer 30

subconscious sensations associated with reflexes (accompany parasympathetics from vagus), pain impulses (accompany sympathetics from sympathetic trunk)