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Human Anatomy > Blood supply, Development, and Innervation of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Blood supply, Development, and Innervation of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum

A

A serous membrane

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2
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

Lines the body wall

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3
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs

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4
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

A slit-like space between the abdominal body wall and digestive organs (contains serous fluid)

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5
Q

Mesentery

A

A double layer of peritoneum that extends from the body wall to the digestive organs

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6
Q

What does the mesentery do?

A
  • Holds the organs in place
  • Provides a route for circulatory vessels and nerves
  • Its length determines the motility of an organ
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7
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Runs from the liver to the stomach

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8
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Links inferior surface of the stomach to adjacent organs

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9
Q

Mesentery

A

A double layer of peritoneum that provides a neuromuscular communication between an organ and the body

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10
Q

Omentum

A

A double-layered extension of peritoneum attaching the stomach and first part of the duodenum to adjacent organs

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11
Q

Ligament

A

Two layers of peritoneum that connect two organs to each other or an organ to the abdominal wall; may transmit neuromuscular structures

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12
Q

What does the falciform ligament connect?

A

The liver to the anterior abdominal wall

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13
Q

What does the splenorenal ligament connect?

A

The spleen to the left kidney

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14
Q

What happens in week 4 of development of the abdominal organs?

A

The embryo becomes a cylindrical shape with an enclosed inner tube that is composed of endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm

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15
Q

Endoderm

A

Gives rise to the epithelium of the alimentary canal and gut-derived organs (liver, pancreas, gallbladder)

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16
Q

Splanchnic Mesoderm

A

Gives rise to all outer layers in the wall of the alimentary canal and gut-derived organs

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17
Q

The embryonic gut tube is divided into what three regions based on their relation to the vitelline duct in the yolk sac?

A
  • Foregut
  • Midgut
  • Hindgut
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18
Q

Foregut

A

Gives rise to the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, and bile ducts

19
Q

Midgut

A

Small intestine distal to the bile duct, cecum, appendix, ascending and most of transverse colon

20
Q

Hindgut

A

Remainder of the colon

21
Q

The midgut is supplied by the?

A

SMA

22
Q

For 4 weeks, the rapidly growing midgut…

A
  • Herniates into the proximal part of the umbilical cord
  • As it returns to the abdominal cavity, the midgut rotates 270 degrees around the axis of the SMA
  • As the parts of the intestine reach their definitive positions, their mesenteries undergo modifications (some mesenteries shorten and some disappear)
23
Q

(Digestive Tract in the Oral Cavity) The branches of the external carotid artery supply… via what?

A

Oxygenated blood to the viscera, muscles and glands of the oral cavity via branches such as the lingual, facial, superior thyroid, and maxillary

24
Q

(Esophagus) The majority of the esophagus is supplied with…

A

Oxygenated blood from branches off the abdominal aorta
- Bronchial
- Esophageal
- Phrenic

25
Q

The cervical esophagus is supplied by blood from…

A

The inferior thyroid arteries

26
Q

Arterial supply to the abdominal part of the alimentary tract, spleen, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas is derived from…

A

The abdominal aorta

27
Q

The 3 major unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta are:

A
  • Celiac Trunk
  • Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)
  • Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA)
28
Q

The stomach is

A

Heavily vascularized

29
Q

Gastric blood supply stems from…

A

The celiac trunk

30
Q

The lesser curvature receives blood from…

A

The right and left gastric arteries

31
Q

The greater curvature receives blood from…

A

The right and left gastro-omental arteries

32
Q

Jejunum

A
  • Color is deeper red
  • Caliber is 2-4 cm
  • Wall is thick and heavy
  • Vascularity is greater
  • Vasa Recta is long
  • Few large loops
  • Less fat in mesentery
  • Circular folds (L. plicae circulares) are large, tall, and closely packed
33
Q

Ileum

A
  • Color is paler pink
  • Caliber is 2-3 cm
  • Wall is thin and light
  • Vascularity is less
  • Vasa Recta is short
  • Many short loops
  • More fat in mesentery
  • Circular folds (L. plicae circulares) are low and sparse; absent in distal part
34
Q

The main channel of the portal venous system is? What is it formed by?

A

Hepatic portal vein, formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins

35
Q

What does the portal venous system do?

A

Collects blood from the abdominal part of the alimentary tract, pancreas, spleen, and most of the gallbladder and carries it to the liver

36
Q

Effects of Sympathetic Stimulation in Thoraco-Lumbar Outflow

A
  • Inhibits peristalsis and constricts blood vessels to digestive tract so blood is available to skeletal muscles
  • Contracts internal anal sphincter to aid fecal continence
37
Q

Effects of Parasympathetic Stimulation in Cranio-Sacral Outflow

A
  • Stimulates peristalsis and secretion of digestive juices
  • Contracts rectum and inhibits internal anal sphincter to cause defecation
38
Q

The GI tract is mostly innervated by? What are they?

A

Branches of Cranial Nerves
- CN 5: Trigeminal- Motor to muscles of mastication
- CN 7: Facial- Parasympathetics to salivary glands, etc.
- CN 9: Glossopharyngeal- Motor and sensory to oropharynx
- CN 10: Vagus- Motor to muscles of the pharynx and sot palate/ Parasympathetic to viscera of the thorax and abdomen
- CN 12: Hypoglossal- Motor to the tongue muscles

39
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

Protrusion of a part of the stomach into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm
- More frequent in patients of middle age due to potential weakening of muscular part of diaphragm

40
Q

Gastric Ulcers

A

Open lesions of the mucosa of the stomach

41
Q

Peptic Ulcers

A

Lesions of the mucosa of the pyloric canal or duodenum

42
Q

Ulcers

A
  • Associated with Helicobacter pylori bacterium
  • Acidic environment of the stomach overwhelms the bicarbonate produced by the duodenum (leaves the mucosa vulnerable)
43
Q

Omphalocele

A

Congenital umbilical hernia of the midgut; the midgut naturally enters the umbilical cord during development, but may fail to return before birth
- The momentum covering the GI tract is visible

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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