Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyaline

A

Forms most of the embryonic skeleton
(Covers the ends of long bones and joint surfaces; trachea, larynx, nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Elastic

A

External ear, epligottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bones

A

Provide stable levers on which muscles act to generate movement
Highly vascularized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the human skeleton divided into? What are they?

A

2 to 3 subunits; axial skeleton & appendicular skeleton (maybe skull)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skeleton of the trunk:
- Ribs
- Sternum
- Vertebrae
- Pelvis*
- Coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Skeleton of the limbs:
- Pelvic and shoulder girdles
- Long bones, irregular bones, short bones
Takeaway:
Skeletal muscles attach and move the limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Long bones

A

Longer than they are wide, tubular
Ex. Humerus, femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Short bones

A

Cube-shaped bones of the wrist and ankle
Bones that form within tendons- sesamoid
Ex. Patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin, flattened, slightly curved
Ex. Sternum, ribs, and most skull bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones with complex shapes
Ex. Hip bones and vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Crest

A

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Trochanter

A

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
Ex. only examples are in femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Line

A

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded projection or process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epicondyle

A

Raised area on or above a condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Spine

A

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Process

A

Any bony prominence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Head

A

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Facet

A

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Foramen

A

Round or oval opening through a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Groove
Furrow
26
Fissure
Narrow, slitlike opening
27
Notch
Indentation at the edge of a structure
28
Fossa
Shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
29
Meatus
Canal-like passageway
30
Sinus
Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
31
Muscle and ligament attachment points
1. Tuberosity 2. Trochanter 3. Tubercle 4. Epicondyle 5. Spine 6. Process
32
Depressions and openings (passageways)
1. Foramen 2. Fissure 3. Fossa 4. Sinus
33
Projections that help form joints
1. Condyle 2. Facet 3. Head
34
Compact bone
Dense outer layer that appears smooth and is solid to the naked eye
35
Spongey (trabecular) bone
Found internally deep of compact bone layer, spaces are filled with red or yellow bone marrow, plenty of small pointed/flat pieces called trabeculae
36
Diaphysis
Tubular "shaft" of a bone
37
Epiphysis
Ends of a bone, covered with articular cartilage
38
How much % of the bone tissue is well vascularized
Between 3-11% of blood vessels
39
Medullary cavity
Filled with bone marrow
40
Periosteum
Well innervated and vascularized CT membrane that covers the outer surface of each bone, except the epiphyseal ends
41
Diploë
Internal spongy bone of flat bones
42
What causes the bone to compress on one side and stretch (tense) it on the other?
Bending
43
What are at their greatest at the external surfaces?
Compression and tension
44
From the spongy bone, what aligns along the stress lines in a support pattern?
Trabeculae
45
Material that unites the joint (structural)
1. Fibrous 2. Cartilaginous 3. Synovial
46
Degree of movement (functional)
1. Synarthrosis 2. Amphiarthrosis 3. Diarthrosis
47
Fibrous Joints
Bones united by fibrous CT Ex. Cranial vault sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
48
Cartilaginous joints
Bones united by hyaline cartilage (synchondroses) or fibrocartilage (symphyses)
49
Synovial
Bones are separate and are connected by a fibrous joint capsule lined with a synovial membrane (forms a synovial cavity
50
Synarthrosis
Immovable Ex. Cranial vault sutures
51
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable Ex. IV discs, pubic symphysis of pelvis
52
Diarthrosis
Bone articulation permits free motion in a joint Ex. Glenohumeral joint
53
Plane Joints
Allow short gliding movements
54
Hinge Joints
Allow angular movements
55
Pivot Joints
Allow rotational movements
56
Condyloid Joints
Allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction movements
57
Saddle Joints
Allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction movements
58
Ball and Socket Joints
Allow movements in all directions
59
Trade-off between Joint Mobility and Stability
Least Mobile: Uniaxial Most Stable: Uniaxial Most Mobile: Multiaxial Least Stable: Multiaxial In between: Biaxial
60
Ossification (osteogenesis)
Bone-tissue formation; begins in the embryo and proceeds through childhood and adolescence as the skeleton grows, as you progress it gets slower
61
Prior to 8 weeks of development, what happens?
The embryo consists only of hyaline cartilage and some membranes of mesenchyme, bone tissue develops in week 8 and replaces most cartilage and mesenchymal membranes
62
Membrane bones
Formed directly from mesenchyme; all bones of the skull except some bones of the skull base
63
Intramembranous Ossification
All other bones inferior to the basicranium, except for clavicles, initially develop as hyaline cartilage which is eventually replaced through a process named Endochondrial Ossification
64
Simple Fracture
The bone breaks cleanly but does not penetrate the skin
65
Compound fracture
Broken ends of the bone protrude through the skin
66
Bones lengthen entirely by growth of what?
Epiphyseal plates
67
Comminuted Fractures
Bone fragments into three or more pieces
68
Compression
Bone is crushed
69
Spiral
Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
70
Epiphyseal
Epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate
71
Depressed
Broken bone portion is pressed inward
72
Greenstick
Bone breaks incompletely, only one side of the shaft breaks; other side bends

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions