Blood Supply to the Brain - Ventricular System - E Davis

Question 1

What are the two arterial systems to supply the brain

Answer 1

Vertebrobasilar system and Internal carotid system

Question 2

Anastomosis of the vertebrobasilar and internal carotid systems is the

Answer 2

Circle of Willis

Question 3

The internal carotid artery branches from the

Answer 3

common carotid artery

Question 4

the internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity through the

Answer 4

carotid canal

Question 5

what artery supplies the structures in the orbit and brain

Answer 5

internal carotid artery

Question 6

what artery supplies the orbit

Answer 6

ophthalmic artery

Question 7

On the ventral surface of brain, the internal carotid artery gives rise to what 2 arteries

Answer 7

anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery

Question 8

Which artery supplies most of the medial, superior surfaces of brain (frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 8

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Question 9

Which artery corresponds to leg/foot areas of motor and sensory cortex

Answer 9

anterior cerebral artery

Question 10

Which artery supplies most of the lateral surfaces of the brain (parietal and temporal lobes)

Answer 10

Middle cerebral artery

Question 11

Which artery corresponds to the trunk, arm, and face areas of motor and sensory cortex

Answer 11

Middle cerebral artery

Question 12

Which artery also corresponds to areas related to auditory processing, memory, language recognition, and emotional processing

Answer 12

Middle cerebral artery

Question 13

What artery branches from 1st portion of the subclavian artery

Answer 13

vertebral artery

Question 14

what artery passes through the foramen magnum

Answer 14

vertebral artery

Question 15

At the caudal border of
pons, right and left
________ arteries unite and
form basilar artery

Answer 15

vertebral

Question 16

The basilar artery gives rise to what 3 arteries

Answer 16

Pontine arteries
Cerebellar arteries
Posterior cerebral artery

Question 17

Which artery supplies the inferior surface of brain (mostly occipital and some temporal lobe)

Answer 17

posterior cerebral artery

Question 18

Which artery corresponds to areas of visual processing

Answer 18

posterior cerebral artery

Question 19

What are the 3 arteries that are major suppliers of blood to the brain

Answer 19

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery

Question 20

What provides collateral circulation between vertebrobasilar and internal carotid circulation

Answer 20

Circle of Willis

Question 21

What 5 arteries form the Circle of Willis

Answer 21

Posterior cerebral AA
Posterior communicating AA
Internal carotid AA
Anterior cerebral AA
Anterior communicating A

Question 22

Most commonly, strokes occur due to issues with which artery

Answer 22

middle cerebral artery

Question 23

Thin-walled, valveless veins draining brain tissue

Answer 23

cerebral veins

Question 24

The _________ veins empty into nearest dural venous sinuses

Answer 24

cerebral veins

Question 25

The dural venous sinuses eventually drain into

Answer 25

internal jugular veins

Question 26

What sinus collects blood from superior cerebral veins and drains to confluence of sinuses

Answer 26

superior sagittal sinus

Question 27

Which sinus is smaller than the superior sagittal sinus and drains to straight sinus

Answer 27

inferior sagittal sinus

Question 28

Which sinus is formed by inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein (of Galen) and empties into confluence of sinuses

Answer 28

straight sinus

Question 29

Which sinus collects from the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus and sends to transverse sinus

Answer 29

confluence of sinus

Question 30

Which sinus ends superiorly in the confluence of sinuses and receives blood from the inferior epidural venous plexus

Answer 30

occipital sinus

Question 31

Which sinus passes laterally from the confluence of sinus, is paired, and drains to the sigmoid sinus

Answer 31

Transverse sinuses

Question 32

Which sinus is S-shaped, paired, and drains into internal jugular vein

Answer 32

sigmoid sinuses

Question 33

Which sinus is a venous plexus of thin-walled veins, receives blood from the superior & inferior ophthalmic veins and pterygoid plexus, and drains into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

Answer 33

Cavernous sinuses

Question 34

Which sinuses are paired and connected via the intercavernous sinuses

Answer 34

cavernous sinuses

Question 35

What are the contents of the cavernous sinus? Hint: 1 artery and 5 CNs

Answer 35

Internal carotid artery CN VI CN III CN IV CN V1 CN V2 (and sympathetics)

Question 36

Which sinuses are paired and run from the posterior cavernous sinuses

Answer 36

Superior petrosal sinuses

Question 37

Which sinuses join at the start of the sigmoid sinuses (the transverse sinuses have curved inferiorly to form the sigmoid sinuses)

Answer 37

Superior petrosal sinuses

Question 38

Which sinuses are paired and run from the inferior portion of posterior cavernous sinuses

Answer 38

Inferior petrosal sinuses

Question 39

Which sinus drains directly into the origin of the internal jugular veins

Answer 39

inferior petrosal sinuses

Question 40

Which veins connect veins of the scalp and diploic veins (veins within skull) to the dural venous sinuses

Answer 40

Emissary Veins

Question 41

The emissary veins pass through the

Answer 41

transverse emissary foramina

Question 42

which veins are valveless and may have bidirectional flow

Answer 42

emissary veins

Question 43

The membranous coverings of the brain

Answer 43

meninges

Question 44

The meninges are located deep to ______ and ______

Answer 44

scalp cranium

Question 45

What protects the brain and spinal cord

Answer 45

meninges

Question 46

What forms a support framework for vasculature and venous sinuses

Answer 46

Meninges

Question 47

The meninges are composed of three membranous connective tissue layers, what are they?

Answer 47

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

Question 48

Which layer of the meninges is tough, thick external fibrous layer and highly vascularized, innervated

Answer 48

Dura mater

Question 49

Which layer of the meninges is thin, the intermediate layer, and has a subarachnoid space that contains CSF

Answer 49

arachnoid mater

Question 50

Which layer of meninges is delicate and adheres to the surface of the brain

Answer 50

pia mater

Question 51

Combined layers of arachnoid and Pia mater

Answer 51

leptomeninges

Question 52

The dura mater is adhered to the internal surface of the cranium and is bilaminar, what are the 2 layers?

Answer 52

periosteal layer meningeal layer

Question 53

the layers in the dura mater are fused except when they split and form what 2 things

Answer 53

dural venous sinuses dural reflections

Question 54

Formed when the meningeal layer of dura mater reflects away from the periosteal layer

Answer 54

Dural reflections (infoldings)

Question 55

Dural infoldings include what 4 things

Answer 55

Cerebral falx Cerebellar tentorium Cerebellar falx Sellar diaphragm

Question 56

Largest dural reflection

Answer 56

Cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

Question 57

Which dural reflection separates the right and left cerebral hemisphers

Answer 57

Cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

Question 58

Which dural reflection joins with the cerebellar tentorium

Answer 58

Cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

Question 59

What are the 2 anterior attachment for the cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

Answer 59

frontal crest crista galli

Question 60

What is the posterior attachment for the cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

Answer 60

internal occipital protuberance

Question 61

Which 2 sinuses run in the cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

Answer 61

superior sagittal sinus inferior sagittal sinus

Question 62

2nd largest dural reflection that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Answer 62

Cerebellar tentorium (tentorium cerebelli)

Question 63

Which dura reflection attaches to the clinoid processes, temporal bone, occipital bone, and parietal bone

Answer 63

Cerebellar tentorium (tentorium cerebelli)

Question 64

Which dura reflection attaches to the cerebral falx at midline

Answer 64

Cerebellar tentorium (tentorium cerebelli)

Question 65

What 4 sinuses run through the Cerebellar tentorium (tentorium cerebelli)

Answer 65

straight sinus confluence of sinuses transverse sinus superior petrosal sinus

Question 66

Which reflection is a vertical dural reflection that lies inferior to the cerebellar tentorium

Answer 66

Cerebellar falx (falx cerebelli)

Question 67

Which reflection partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 67

Cerebellar falx (falx cerebelli)

Question 68

Which reflection attaches to the internal occipital crest

Answer 68

Cerebellar falx (falx cerebelli)

Question 69

What sinus runs through the Cerebellar falx (falx cerebelli)

Answer 69

Occipital sinus

Question 70

Which reflection is the smallest, forms a roof over hypophyseal fossa, and covers the pituitary gland

Answer 70

Sellar diaphragm

Question 71

Which artery is a branch of the maxillary artery and enters the cranial cavity through the foramen spinosum

Answer 71

middle meningeal artery

Question 72

Innervation of the dura is largely divided at the level of the

Answer 72

tentorium cerebelli

Question 73

Superior portions of dura and tentorium cerebelli is innervated by CN

Answer 73

V

Question 74

Inferior portions of dura are are innervated by what cervical spinal nerves

Answer 74

C2 - C3

Question 75

Innervation of the dura superior to the tentorium cerebelli is largely by the three divisions of CN

Answer 75

V

Question 76

The anterior cranial fossa is innervated by what 3 CN

Answer 76

CN V1, V2, V3

Question 77

The middle cranial fossa are innervated by what 2 CN

Answer 77

CN V2, V3

Question 78

The posterior cranial fossa roof (tentorium cerebelli) is innervated by what CN

Answer 78

CN V1

Question 79

The posterior cranial fossa floor is innervated by what 2 cervical spinal nerves

Answer 79

C2 - C3

Question 80

Extensions of arachnoid that extend into the meningeal layer of dura mater that transfer CSF into venous sinuses

Answer 80

Arachnoid villi/granulations

Question 81

Supporting bundles of fibers that help to suspend brain and pass between the arachnoid and pia mater

Answer 81

Arachnoid trabeculae

Question 82

Adheres to the surface of the brain, following the sulci and gyri

Answer 82

pia mater

Question 83

Potential space between cranium and dura (external periosteal layer)

Answer 83

epidural space

Question 84

Potential space between dura and arachnoid

Answer 84

subdural space

Question 85

True space between arachnoid and pia mater that contains CSF, trabecular cells, arteries, and veins

Answer 85

Subarachnoid space

Question 86

Meninges enclose the

Answer 86

CSF

Question 87

CSF is secreted by cells of the ________ in the ventricles of the brain

Answer 87

choroid plexus

Question 88

What is absorbed into the venous system by the arachnoid villi/granulations

Answer 88

CSF

Question 89

What is the interconnected network that produces, transports, and removes CSF

Answer 89

ventricular system

Question 90

The ventricles of the ventricular system include

Answer 90

2 lateral ventricles (1st and 2nd) Midline 3rd ventricle Midline 4th ventricle

Question 91

Which ventricles are paired, C-shaped cavities that extend into all lobes of the cerebral hemispheres, and opens into the 3rd ventricle via the interventricular foramen (Foramen of Monro)

Answer 91

Lateral ventricles (1st and 2nd ventricles)

Question 92

Which ventricle is a slit-like cavity between the right and left halves of the thalamus and is continuous with the 4th ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct

Answer 92

Third ventricle

Question 93

Which ventricle is a small space dorsal to the pons and medulla and tapers to a narrow channel that continues to spinal cord (central canal)

Answer 93

4th ventricle

Question 94

CSF drains from the 4th ventricle into the subarachnoid space through what three openings:

Answer 94

2 lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka) 1 media aperture (foramen of Magendie)

Question 95

The lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka) and median aperture (foramen of Magendie) drain into the

Answer 95

Subarachnoid space

Question 96

What is the largest cistern collecting CSF that is located between the the cerebellum and medulla

Answer 96

the Cerebellomedullary cistern

Question 97

From the subarachnoid space, CSF is absorbed into the dural venous sinuses via the

Answer 97

arachnoid villi/granulations