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809 - Exam 1 Block > Neck 1 - BC > Flashcards

Neck 1 - BC Flashcards

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1
Q

The transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae
include _________ for
the vertebral vessels

A

transverse foramina

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2
Q

The hyoid bone lies in the anterior part of the neck at
the level of the

A

C3 vertebra

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3
Q

The hyoid does not articulate with any other bone but is suspended by muscles that connect it to the:

A

Mandible
Styloid processes
Thyroid cartilage of larynx
Manubrium of the sternum
Scapulae

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4
Q

The inferior aspect of the neck communicates with the thorax that allows communication with the neck and upper limbs, what is it called?

A

superior thoracic aperture

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5
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is bounded posteriorly by

A

T1

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6
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is bounded laterally by the

A

1st pair of ribs

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7
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is bounded anteriorly by the superior border of the

A

manubrium

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8
Q

The cervical viscera are organized in three layers, named for their primary
function: what are the 3 layers

A

Endocrine
Respiratory
Alimentary

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9
Q

the endocrine layer is the _______ and _________

A

thyroid

parathyroid glands

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10
Q

the respiratory layer is the _______ and _________

A

larynx

trachea

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11
Q

the alimentary layer is the _______ and _________

A

pharynx

esophagus

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12
Q

The thyroid gland is located
anteriorly in the neck at the level of the

A

C5–T1 vertebrae

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13
Q

The parathyroid glands usually lie on the _____ half of the ______ surface of each lobe of the thyroid gland

A

medial

posterior

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14
Q

The viscera of the respiratory layer contribute to the ______
functions of the body

A

respiratory

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15
Q

The main functions of the cervical respiratory viscera are

A

routing air into the respiratory tract

routing food into the esophagus

providing an airway and means of sealing it off

producing a voice

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16
Q

The _____ is the complex organ of voice production

A

larynx

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17
Q

The larynx is located in the anterior neck at the level
of the bodies of

A

C3 - C6

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18
Q

The larynx connects the inferior part of the _____ with the ______

A

pharynx

trachea

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19
Q

if intubation isn’t possible, you can insert a needle through the ______ membrane

A

cricothyroid

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20
Q

The _____ extends from the inferior end of the larynx at the level of the C6 vertebra

A

trachea

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21
Q

the trachea ends at the level of

A

T4 - T5 (sternal angle)

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22
Q

the trachea divides into what at the sternal angle

A

right and left main bronchi

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23
Q

_______ to the trachea are the common carotid arteries and the lobes of the thyroid gland

A

Lateral

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24
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk is related to the _____ side of the trachea in the root of
the neck

A

right

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25
Patients with upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure can have a _______ done
tracheotomy
26
Where are the 2 possible openings in the trachea made for a tracheotomy
between 1st and 2nd rings between 2nd - 4th rings
27
In the alimentary layer, cervical viscera take part in the ______ functions of the body
digestive
28
The pharynx conducts air to the _____, ______ , and _____
larynx trachea lungs
29
The pharynx directs food to the
esophagus
30
The pharynx is ______ to the nasal and oral cavities and extends _____ past the larynx
posterior inferiorly
31
The pharynx is widest opposite the ______ and narrowest where it is continuous with the
hyoid esophagus
32
The ______ lies between the trachea and the cervical vertebral column
cervical esophagus
33
Externally, the pharyngo-esophageal junction appears as a constriction produced by the _______ muscle and is the _______ part of the esophagus
cricopharyngeus narrowest
34
The cervical esophagus bends to the _____ as it descends and enters the superior mediastinum via the _________ , where it becomes the _______
left superior thoracic aperture thoracic esophagus
35
The SCM divide each side of the neck into the
anterior and posterior triangles
36
The sternal head of the SCM attaches it to the
manubrium of sternum
37
The clavicular head of the SCM attaches it to the
medial third of the clavicle
38
The heads of the SCM join superiorly as they attach to the _________ of the temporal bone
mastoid process
39
SCM tilts head to the same side, rotating the face so the chin is turned toward the opposite side, what kind of contraction?
unilateral
40
SCM flexes cervical vertebrae so chin approaches the manubrium, what kind of contraction?
bilateral
41
The trapezius is a large, flat triangular muscle that covers the _______ aspect of the neck and thorax
posterolateral
42
The trapezius attaches the pectoral girdle to the _____ and the ______
cranium vertebral column
43
functions of the trapezius
elevates, retracts, depresses scalpula
44
Function of hyoid muscles
steady or move the hyoid and larynx
45
The suprahyoid muscles are ______ to the hyoid and connect it to the _______
superior cranium
46
As a group, the supra hyoid muscles constitute the
floor of the mouth
47
function of the supra hyoid muscles
Supporting the hyoid in providing a base from which the tongue functions
48
the supra hyoid muscles elevate the hyoid and larynx in relation to
swallowing and tone production
49
what are the supra hyoid muscles
Digastric Muscles (A & P bellies) Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Hyoglossus Geniohyoid
50
Innervation of anterior belly of digastric belly
V3
51
Innervation of posterior belly of digastric muscle
VII
52
Innervation of stylohyoid
VII
53
Innervation of mylohyoid
nerve to mylohyoid from V3
54
Innervation of hyoglossus
XII
55
Innervation of geniohyoid
C1
56
what tendon unites the 2 bellies of the digastric muscle; connects to the hyoid bone via a fascial sling
intermediate tendon
57
attachment of anterior belly
digastric fossa (on mandible)
58
attachment of posterior belly
mastoid notch (of temporal bone)
59
attachment of stylohyoid
styloid process of temporal bone to hyoid bone
60
attachment of mylohyoid
mylohyoid line to body of hyoid and mylohyoid raphe
61
attachment of geniohyoid
inferior mental spine (aka genial tubercle) to hyoid
62
the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by what 2 things
ansa cervicalis C1
63
what are the 4 infra hyoid muscles
sternohyoid omohyoid (superior and inferior belly) sternothyroid thyrohyoid
64
the infra hyoid muscles anchor the ____ , ____, _____, and _____
hyoid, sternum, clavicle, scapula
65
the infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid and larynx during
swallowing and speaking
66
the infrahyoid muscles work with the supra hyoid muscles to
steady the hyoid to provide a firm base for the tongue
67
what are 2 superficial infrahyoid muscles
sternohyoid and omohyoid
68
what are the 2 deep infrahyoid muscles
sternothyroid thyrohyoid
69
what tendon unites the two bellies of the omohyoid muscle; connects to the clavicle via a fascial sling
intermediate
70
the superior belly courses from the _____ to the _____
intermediate tendon hyoid bone
71
the inferior belly courses from the _____ to the ________
scapula intermediate tendon
72
the pre vertebral muscles are _____ to the cervical viscera
posterior
73
the prevertebral muscles function to
flex neck and act as accessory muscles of respiration
74
anterior scalene: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to _______
1st rib
75
middle scalene: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to _______
1st rib
76
posterior scalene: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to _______
2nd rib
77
the superficial cervical fascia is in between the ______ and the ______
dermis investing layer of deep cervical fascia
78
the layers of deep cervical fascia support what 4 things
cervical viscera muscles vessels deep lymph nodes
79
The deep cervical fascia condenses around the common carotid arteries, internal jugular veins, and vagus nerves to form the ______
carotid sheath
80
Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia extends inferiorly from the hyoid into the thorax, where it blends with the _________ covering the heart
fibrous pericardium
81
the thin muscular part of the pretracheal layer of deep fascia encloses the
infrahyoid muscles
82
the visceral part of the pretracheal layer of deep fascia encloses what 3 things
thyroid gland trachea esophagus
83
the pretracheal layer of deep fascia is continuous posteriorly and superiorly with the __________ fascia of the ________
buccopharyngeal fascia of the pharynx
84
the pretracheal layer of deep fascia blends LATERALLY with the
carotid sheaths
85
The carotid sheath and pretracheal fascia communicate freely with the mediastinum of the thorax inferiorly and the cranial cavity superiorly, these communications represent potential pathways for the
spread of infection and extravasated blood
86
Superior to the hyoid, a thickening of the pretracheal fascia forms a pulley or trochlea through which the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle passes which
suspends the hyoid
87
the pretracheal layer tethers the 2 bellied _____ to the _______
omohyoid muscle clavicle
88
The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia forms a tubular sheath for the
vertebral column
89
The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia extends laterally as the ______ which surrounds what 2 things
axillary sheath axillary vessels and brachial plexus
90
The _________ is the largest and most important space in the neck
retropharyngeal space
91
What permits movement of the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, and trachea relative to the vertebral column during swallowing
the retropharyngeal space
92
the retropharyngeal space is closed _______ by the cranial base and on each side by the ________
superiorly carotid sheath
93
the retropharyngeal space opens ________ into the superior mediastinum
inferiorly
94
The ______ forms a further subdivision of the retropharyngeal space
alar fascia
95
The alar fascia is attached along the midline of the buccopharyngeal fascia from the _______ to the level of the ______
cranium C7
96
from its attachment, the alar fascia extends laterally and terminates in the
carotid sheath

809 - Exam 1 Block (19 decks)

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