Blood + the Heart

Question 1

Name the tissue which consists of RBCs, WBCs, Platelets and Plasma

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

Blood is in which level of organisation?

Answer 2

Tissue

Question 3

Name 3 components of the blood suspended in plasma

Answer 3

WBCs
RBCs (Erythrocytes)
Platelets

Question 4

Name the 4 components of the blood

Answer 4

Plasma (55%)
Red Blood Cells (45%)
White Blood Cells (<1%)
Platelets (<1%)

Question 5

What does blood plasma transport?

Answer 5

Dissolved substances (glucose, carbon dioxide, hormones and urea)

Question 6

What is the scientific name for Red Blood Cells?

Answer 6

Erythrocytes

Question 7

What is the function of RBC?

Answer 7

To transport oxygen around the body

Question 8

What is the function of Platelets?

Answer 8

To repair damaged blood vessels and make blood clots

Question 9

What are Platelets?

Answer 9

Small fragments of cells

Question 10

Do platelets have a nucleus?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Name the 2 types of WBC

Answer 11

Lymphocytes
Phagocytes

Question 12

What do Lymphocytes do?

Answer 12

Produce anti-bodies

Question 13

What do Phagocytes do?

Answer 13

Engulf and digest Pathogens

Question 14

Name the special shape of a RBC

Answer 14

Bi-concave shape

Question 15

Why do RBC have a bi-concave shape?

Answer 15

To maximise surface area and yet have a small volume

Question 16

What is the function of valves?

Answer 16

To prevent backflow

Question 17

Describe the structure of a vein

Answer 17

Thin outer wall
Thin layer of muscle
Wide lumen

Question 18

Where is blood in veins going?

Answer 18

Back into heart

Question 19

What do capillaries do?

Answer 19

Give blood to cells and tissues

Question 20

Where is blood in arteries going?

Answer 20

Away from heart

Question 21

Describe the lumen of an artery

Answer 21

Narrow

Question 22

Why do arteries have thick outer walls?

Answer 22

So that they don’t burst

Question 23

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 23

A pigment that can bind reversibly with oxygen

Question 24

Where does Urea end up?

Answer 24

Urine

Question 25

Where in the blood is Urea dissolved?

Answer 25

Plasma

Question 26

What is Urea?

Answer 26

A waste product of the breakdown of proteins

Question 27

State the word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 27

Oxygen + glucose ➡️ Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ ENERGY)

Question 28

Where can haemoglobin be found?

Answer 28

RBCs

Question 29

How are RBCs adapted for their function?

Answer 29

Contain **haemoglobin** (for oxygen to bind to) **No organelles** including **no nucleus** (more room for oxygen) **Biconcave shape** (***high SA:Vol ratio***) **Small** size (can pass through tiny capillaries)

Question 30

How are capillaries adapted to their function?

Answer 30

One cell thick so substances can easily diffuse in and out

Question 31

Why can white blood cells change shape?

Answer 31

To squeeze through blood vessel walls into body tissues and there, engulf pathogens

Question 32

What type of blood do arteries usually carry? | Except the pulmonary artery

Answer 32

Oxygen Rich (**Oxygenated**) CO2 Poor

Question 33

Describe the structure of an artery

Answer 33

**Thick Outer Walls** **Thick Muscle Walls** (with elastic fibres so they can stretch and spring back) to cope with the high pressure **Narrow Lumen**

Question 34

Which side of the heart has thicker walls?

Answer 34

Left

Question 35

Define Cardiac Output

Answer 35

volume of blood pumped from the heart every minute

Question 36

Give the equation for cardiac output

Answer 36

Q = HR × SV Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

Question 37

Define stroke volume

Answer 37

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle with each heartbeat

Question 38

Define heart rate

Answer 38

The number of heartbeats per minute

Question 39

Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?

Answer 39

Left

Question 40

Why is the human circulatory system called a double circulatory system?

Answer 40

Blood passes through the heart twice per circuit Once to the body and once to be reoxygenated

Question 41

What is the function of alveoli?

Answer 41

Gas exchange in the lungs Give oxygen to blood

Question 42

How are alveoli adapted for their function?

Answer 42

Large moist surface area. Rich oxygen supply. One cell thick and surrounded by capillaries, minimising diffusion distance