Blood TRansfusion Flashcards
(24 cards)
Blood Product
Adverse Reaction
Immune Mechanisms
Preformed donor or Recipient Antibodies
Non-Immune Adverse Reaction
Chemical and or physical Properties
Recucing/Preventing Reactions
* Modify blood Components
Filtered, wached, or irradiated
**Irridiated **
**Tx radiatio prior ratdiation prevent T lymphycytes prophylation
* T lymphycytes is immediate cause transfusion associated Graf vs Host disease
Trasfusion Reaction
Immune-mediated
Acute Hemolytic TRanfusions
Cause/Mechanisms
- Immune Mediated **Hemolysis **
- Performed antibodies lyse donor erythrocytes
Acute Hemolytic TRanfusions
Clinical Manifestations
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia, Tachypnia, Fever, chills, chest or frank pain, discomfort at infusion site
-
Hemoglobinemia: Excess of Hgb in blood plasma caused by Intravascular Hemolysis
Hgb separates from RBC it just floating around - **Hemoglobinuria ** Free Hgb found in urine .
Take cuation b/c immune complex results RBC lysis can cause RF
*** DIC: **: Caugulation study should be monitored
Acute Hemolytic TRanfusions
Cause :
Human Erros main Cause
Acute Hemolytic TRanfusions
TX Plan
Stop transfusion
Diuresis
check caugulation studies
**check error **
Anaphylactic Reaction
Cause
- Immune - mediated
Severe allergic reaction after few ml of blood component - IgA deficient at risk
Anaphylactic Reaction
Clinical manifestation
- Dyspnea
- coughing
- N/V
- Hypotension
- Bronchospasm
- decrease LOC
- RR rest
- Shock
Anaphylactic Reaction
TX Plan
- Stop tranfusio
- Epinephrine 1: 1000 SQ
- Glucocorticoids
- Anaphhlactic or repeated allergic reactions
- check IgA deficiency
- IgA deficiency should received IgA only IGA deficiency
Transfusion Associated GRaft vs
Host Disease (TA-GVHD)
Cause/Mechanism
- Immune -Mediated
- Complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation
- Lymphycytes from donor attack and cannot be eliminated by immunodeficient host
- Mediated by donor T lymphycytes that recognize host HLA antigens as foreign
Transfusion Associated GRaft vs
Host Disease (TA-GVHD)
*** Clinical Manifestations **
- fever, cutaneous eruption, Diarrhea
- Liver function abnormalties
- Pancytopenia
- Death in 3 to 4 weeks posttransfusion
Transfusion Associated GRaft vs
Host Disease (TA-GVHD)
**Preventions **
blood product requirement irradiation before transfusions
Transfusion Related Acute LUng Injury
(TRALI)
Cause/mechanism
- Common cause of tranfusion related fatality
Cause : Multifactorial
Donor plasma contains high titer anti-HLA class II antibodies bind recipeint leukocytes
Transfusion Related Acute LUng Injury
(TRALI)
R/F
smoking
ETHO
liver surgery
shock
PS >30 H2O overload
Transfusion Related Acute LUng Injury
(TRALI)
Clinical Manifestation
Hypoxia, PA/FiO2 — ARDS
Transfusion Related Acute LUng Injury
(TRALI)
TX
support care
send labs to support Dx
Post Transfusion Purpura
Cause/Mechanism
- Immune -mediated
- PLt specific antibodies found in recipient serum
- HPA -1a is recognized antigen
**Delayed thrombocytopenia **
Anbodies react to donor and recipient plt
Post Transfusion Purpura
Clinical Manifestions
Thrombocytopenia 7 to 10 days after transfusions
Predominaltly in Women
Post Transfusion Purpura
TX Plan
Avoid transfusion
IV immunoglobumn: no neutrolize effect of antibodies
Plama phoreies remive
NON -immune reactions
Fluid Overload
Blood component are volum expands
TACO - TRansfusion associated circulation overload
SOB POX <90%
b/l infilrates
HTN
Use diuretic TX
Hypothermia
Rapidly infused
Expose to cold SA node
Cardiac dysrhythmia
Warmer to be used
