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Haematology > Blood transfusion > Flashcards

Blood transfusion Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Requirements for being a blood donor

A

healthy
17-65 years old
not anaemic
weight >50kg

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2
Q

how is blood processed to be analysed

A

it is centrifuged to separate into component parts

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3
Q

what is blood tested for in microbiology

A 
HIV
HBV
HCV
HEV
HTLV
syphilis
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4
Q

how are red cells stored

A

4 degrees for 35 days

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5
Q

how is FFP stored

A

-30 degrees for 3 years

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6
Q

how are platelets stored

A

22 degrees for 7 days

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7
Q

what is FFP

A

fresh frozen plasma

contains clotting factors

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8
Q

list blood components from the lab

A

red cells
platelets
FFP
cryoprecipitate

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9
Q

what is cryoprecipitate

A

derivative of FFP with fibrinogen

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10
Q

list blood products from the lab

A

anti-D

prothrombin complex concentrate

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11
Q

what is prothrombin complex concentrate used for

A

warfarin overdose

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12
Q

list pharmacy blood products from the lab

A

IVIG
human albumin
specific Ig eg VZV

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13
Q

where do RBCs display antigens

A

on their cell surface

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14
Q

on which chromosome are the genes for ABO system found

A

9

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15
Q

what do the A and B genes code for and what is the purpose

A

transferases which modify the H substance precursor on RBC membranes

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16
Q

A + B are dominant over O

true or false

A

true

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17
Q

A is dominant over B

true or false

A

false

A+B are co-dominant

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18
Q

O is silent

true or false

A

true

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19
Q

what is the genotype of Group A

A

AA or AO

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20
Q

what is the genotype of Group B

A

BB or BO

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21
Q

what is the genotype of Group AB

A

AB

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22
Q

what is the genotype of Group O

A

OO

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23
Q

which antigens are present on RBC in Group A

A

A

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24
Q

which antigens are present on RBC in Group B

A

B

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25
which antigens are present on RBC in Group AB
A + B
26
which antigens are present on RBC in Group O
none
27
how many ABO genes do you inherit from each parent
1 from each
28
what is Landsteiners law
when an individual lacks A or B antigen, the corresponding antibody is made in the plasma
29
Which antibody is present in the plasma in Group A
anti-B
30
Which antibody is present in the plasma in Group B
anti-A
31
Which antibody is present in the plasma in Group AB
none
32
Which antibody is present in the plasma in Group O
anti-A and anti-B
33
Group O blood can be given to only group O, true or false
false | it can be given to all blood group types
34
Group AB can receive all blood groups and only give to Group AB, true or false
true
35
Group AB has anti-A and anti-B, true or false
FALSE | Group AB has no antibodies
36
describe genetic inheritance in the RhD system
2 alleles - 1 from each parent D is dominant (positive) d is silent (negative)
37
what is the genotype of RhD+
DD or Dd
38
what is the genotype of RhD-
dd
39
RhD is very immunogenic, what does this mean
it doesn't take a lot of RhD+ blood to cause a RhD- person to make antibodies
40
in terms of blood transfusion, what is the best RhD status to give to a RhD- person
RhD- blood to a RhD- person
41
what are antigens
proteins expressed on cell surface
42
what are antibodies
formed in response to antigens that are not expressed on your cells
43
what are the aims of pre transfusion testing
aim to identify ABO and RhD group | aim to identify clinically significant RBC antibodies
44
what are the 2 techniques for ABO testing
antisera | reagent red cells
45
what is antisera test
tests the patients own RBC with standard reagent of known specificity - antiA, B, D
46
what is reagent red cell test
testing the patients own plasma with reagent RBC of known specificity - either Group A or B
47
what is agglutination
when antibodies bind to antigens and cause clumping
48
what does antisera identify
presence of antigens on patients RBCs
49
what does reagents red cell test identify
presence of antibodies in the patients plasma
50
what is antibody screening
tests patients plasma with a range of reagent RBC of known antigens
51
what is the purpose of antibody screening
to identify antibodies in patients plasma that could react to donor blood
52
how is antibody screening done
indirect anti-globulin test IAT
53
what is done in an indirect anti-globulin test
patient plasma is added to reagent RBCs then anti-human globulin is added then you look for agglutination
54
what does it mean if there is agglutination in antibody screening/IAT
antibodies are present due to previous sensitisation to foreign antigens that the body does not have
55
what is crossmatch testing and how is it done
done with IAT to identify if donor blood is compatible with patient plasma
56
do you want to see agglutination in crossmatch testing
NO - this means donor cells are incompatible with patient plasma
57
what suggests compatibility in crossmatch testing
no agglutination
58
what are indications for red cell transfusion
symptomatic anaemia <70 (<80 with cardiac disease) | major bleeding
59
what are indications for platelet transfusion
bleeding in someone with thrombocytopaenia prophylaxis in someone with bone marrow failure and thrombocytopaenia prophylaxis prior to surgery in someone with thrombocytopaenia
60
what are indications for FFP transfusion
bleeding in someone with coagulopathy prophylaxis prior to surgery in someone with coagulopathy massive haemorrhage
61
when should you not use FFP
in the absence of bleeding or planned procedure
62
what is the single most important thing to do when carrying out blood transfusion
positive patient identification at all times!!!
63
when should the blood bottle be filled in
at the bedside immediately after obtaining blood
64
when should patient observations be carried out during transfusion
before transfusion 15 min into transfusion hourly within 60 min of completion
65
mild fever is a worrying sign in transfusion | true or false
false | need to keep close eye on patient and can give paracetamol

Haematology (26 decks)

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