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Year 4 - Cancer Care > blood transfusions > Flashcards

blood transfusions Flashcards

(36 cards)

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1
Q

packed red blood cells
- indication
- how it’s obtained

A
  • used for transfusion in chronic anaemia
  • major haemorrhage (MHP)
  • Hb <70, (80 if ACS)
  • obtained by centrifugation of whole blood
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2
Q

packed red blood cells
- storage
- timeframe
- given through

A
  • red blood cells should be stored at 4°C prior to infusion
  • non-urgent scenario usually transfused over 90-120 minutes
  • 16/18 gauge cannula
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3
Q

packed red cells
- how is it obtained

A

centrifugation of whole blood

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4
Q

red blood cell
- considerations

A
  • ABO compatibility
  • RhD compatibility
  • antibodies (plasma) antigens (RBCs)
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5
Q

platelet rich plasma
- indication

A

thrombocytopaenic and are bleeding or require surgery

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6
Q

platelet rich plasma
- how is it obtained

A

low speed centrifugation

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7
Q

platelet concentrate
- indications

A

administered to patients with thrombocytopenia

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8
Q

platelet concentrate
- how is it obtained

A

prepared by high speed centrifugation

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9
Q

fresh frozen plasma
- contains

A

clotting factors, albumin and immunoglobulin

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10
Q

fresh frozen plasma
- how is it obtained

A

prepared from single units of blood

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11
Q

fresh frozen plasma
- indications

A
  • ‘clinically significant’ but without ‘major haemorrhage’ in patients with a prothrombin time (PT) ratio or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ratio > 1.5
  • correcting clotting deficiencies in patients with hepatic synthetic failure who are due to undergo surgery
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12
Q

fresh frozen plasma
- universal donor

A

AB because it doesn’t have any antibodies

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13
Q

cryoprecipitate
- contains

A

VIII:C, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, Factor XIII and fibronectin

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14
Q

cryoprecipitate
- indication

A
  • ‘clinically significant’ but without ‘major haemorrhage’ who have a fibrinogen concentration < 1.5 g/L
  • DIC
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15
Q

cryoprecipitate
- how it’s obtained

A
  • formed from supernatant of FFP
  • much smaller volume than FFP
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16
Q

prothrombin complex concentrate
- indications

Study These Flashcards
A

emergency reversal of anticoagulation in patients with either severe bleeding or a head injury with suspected intracerebral haemorrhage

17
Q

CMV negative blood indications

Study These Flashcards
A
  • granulocyte transfusion
  • intra-uterine transfusion
  • neonates up to 28 days post EDD
  • pregnancy
18
Q

irradiated blood indications

Study These Flashcards
A

granulocyte transfusion
- intra-uterine transfusion
- neonates up to 28 days post EDD

  • bone marroe/stem cell transpllants
  • immunocompromised (chemo, congenital)
  • previous Hodgkins lymphoma
  • HIV
19
Q

blood transfusion complications
- immune related

Study These Flashcards
A
  • non-haemolytic febrile reaction
  • minor allergic reaction
  • anaphylaxis
  • acute haemolytic reaction (ABO incompatibility)
  • transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
20
Q

blood transfusion complications
- non-immune related

Study These Flashcards
A
  • transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)
  • infections
  • delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction
21
Q

non-haemolytic febrile reaction
- cause
- Sx

Study These Flashcards
A

→ due to white blood cell HLA antibodies

→ often due to sensitization by previous pregnancies or transfusions

  • features:
    • fever, chills
22
Q

non-haemolytic febrile reaction
- Mx

Study These Flashcards
A
  • management:
    • slow or stop the transfusion
    • paracetamol
    • regular monitoring
23
Q

minor allergic reaction
- cause
- Sx

Study These Flashcards
A

thought to be caused by foreign plasma proteins

  • features:
    • pruritus
    • urticaria
24
Q

minor allergic reaction
- Mx

Study These Flashcards
A
  • managment:
    • temporarily stop the transfusion
    • antihistamine
    • monitor
25
anaphylaxis - cause - Sx
can be caused by patients with IgA deficiency who have anti-IgA antibodies - features: - hypotension - dyspnoea - wheezing - angioedema
26
anaphylaxis - Mx
- management: - stop the transfusion - IM adrenaline - ABC support: - oxygen - fluids
27
acute haemolytic reaction - cause - Sx
ABO-incompatible blood e.g secondary to human error. usually the result of red blood cell destruction by IgM-type antibodies - features - symptoms start minutes after transfusion starts - fever - abdominal and chest pain - hypotension - agitation
28
acute haemolytic reaction - Mx - complications
- management - stop transfusion - confirm diagnosis: - check identity of patient/name on the bag - send blood for direct Coombs test, repeat typing and cross-matching - supportive care: - fluid resuscitation - inform the lab - complications - DIC - renal failure
29
transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) - cause - Sx
non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema though to be secondary to increased vascular permeability caused by host neutrophils that become activated by substances in donated blood - features: - hypoxia - pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray (white out) - fever - hypotension
30
transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) - Mx
- management - stop the transfusion - oxygen and supportive care
31
transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) - cause - Sx
excessive rate of transfusion, pre-existing heart failure - features: - pulmonary oedema - hypertension
32
transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) - Mx
- management - slow or stop transfusion - consider IV loop diuretic e.g. furosemide and oxygen
33
what infections can be transmitted in red blood cells
- HIV, HPB and Hepatits C - bacterial contamination is possible, from skin flora during collection
34
what infections can be transmitted in platelets
- stored at room temperature which increases risk of bacterial proliferation - Staphylococcus epidermidis - Bacillus cereus
35
delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction - presentation
- >24 hours after transfusion - causes significant drop in Hb - symptoms: - jaundice - fever - haemoglobinuria or renal failure
36
delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction - risk factors
- previous pregnancy - previous transfusion - history of transplantation - IgA deficiency - Immunocompromised - history of transfusion reaction

Year 4 - Cancer Care (8 decks)

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