Blood Vessel Diseases 2

Question 1

What is the most common vasculitis syndrome? What vessels does it affect?

Answer 1

Giant cell or temporal, affects the large vessels

Question 2

Giant cell or temporal arteritis typically targets which artery?

Answer 2

The branches of the carotid such as the temporal or opthalmic

Question 3

In giant cell arteritis what kind of vessel wall inflammation is there?

Answer 3

Destructive granulomatous inflammation

Question 4

Who is the typical patient with giant cell arteritis?

Answer 4

A female older than 50 with radiating facial pain

Question 5

What is the term for the flu-like symptoms with joint stiffness seen in giant cell arteritis?

Answer 5

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 6

What is the term for the sudden and intermittent blindness seen in giant cell arteritis?

Answer 6

Amaurosis fugae

Question 7

Takayasu’s arteritis affects which arteries?

Answer 7

Those that branch off of the aortic arch

Question 8

Who is the typical patient with Takayasu’s arteritis and what are the symptoms?

Answer 8

Young females, show blindness, neurological symptoms, undetectable upper extremity pulses

Question 9

Polyarteritis nedosa shows what kind of inflammation in what organs?

Answer 9

Segmental inflammation in the kidney, heart, and liver

Question 10

Which organs are usually spared in polyarteritis nedosa?

Answer 10

The lungs

Question 11

Kawasaki disease usually affects which arteries in whom?

Answer 11

The coronary arteries in children under 4

Question 12

In Buerger disease which vessels are affected? It is usually associated with what activity?

Answer 12

The vessels of the arms and legs, associated with cigarette smoking

Question 13

What gene is present in those with Wegener’s granulomatosis?

Answer 13

C-ANCA

Question 14

What separates Wegener’s granulomatosis from polyarteritis nedosa?

Answer 14

It can affect the lungs

Question 15

What is Churg-Strauss syndrome?

Answer 15

An allergic reaction associated with asthma and eosinophils

Question 16

What is Reynaud’s phenomenon?

Answer 16

Exaggerated vasoconstriction of vessels in the extremities, in particular the fingers

Question 17

What causes the vasoconstriction and who does it affect?

Answer 17

Exaggerated response to cold or emotion by central and local vasomotor complexes. Seen in young women

Question 18

What causes varicose veins?

Answer 18

Increased intraluminal pressure from long periods of standing

Question 19

What veins become varicose?

Answer 19

Superficial leg veins, anorectal venus plexus or hemorrhoids, esophagus veins

Question 20

Who usually gets varicose veins? What increases the chance?

Answer 20

Women, age and obesity

Question 21

What are risks associated with varicose veins?

Answer 21

Impaired circulation increasing infection risk and impairing wound healing

Question 22

What are esophageal varices?

Answer 22

Complication of portal hypertension in cirrhosis

Question 23

What can happen to esophageal varices that is fatal?

Answer 23

They can rupture leading to hematemesis or vomiting of blood

Question 24

What is SVC syndrome?

Answer 24

When a neoplasm compresses or invades the SVC

Question 25

What are the symptoms?

Answer 25

Distended veins in the head and neck with cyanosis and compressed pulmonary vessels leading to respiratory distress

Question 26

What cancers are associated with SVC syndrome?

Answer 26

Bronchogenic carcinoma and mediastinal lymphoma

Question 27

What causes lymphangitis?

Answer 27

Spread of bacteria infection infections in to lymphatics, usually by group a beta hemolytic strep

Question 28

What are primary causes of lymphedema?

Answer 28

Isolated congenital defect or Milroy disease, lead to lymphatic a genesis or hypoplasia

Question 29

What are secondary causes of lymphedema?

Answer 29

Blockage of a previously normal lymphatic

Question 30

What is ascites?

Answer 30

The term for fluid from ruptured lymphatics entering body cavities

Question 31

What type of hemangiomas are often seen in the mouth?

Answer 31

Pyogenic granulomas

Question 32

What usually happens to congenital capillary hemangiomas?

Answer 32

Usually regress on their own

Question 33

Where are cavernous lymphangiomas usually seen?

Answer 33

In the neck and axilla of children, sometimes in the retroperitoneum

Question 34

What type of lymphagioma is often seen in those with Turner Syndrome?

Answer 34

Cystic hygromas

Question 35

What are glomus tumors?

Answer 35

Painful tumors from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus bodies

Question 36

Where are glomus tumors found?

Answer 36

In the distal portion of the digits under the fingernails

Question 37

What is nevus flames?

Answer 37

A birth mark

Question 38

What is port wine stain?

Answer 38

Like a birth mark but doesn't fade and causes thickening of the skin

Question 39

The previous two are types of?

Answer 39

Vascular ectasias

Question 40

Karposi sarcoma is caused by?

Answer 40

HHV8

Question 41

Karposi sarcoma is associated with?

Answer 41

AIDS

Question 42

What causes bacillary angiomatosis?

Answer 42

Gram negative bacteria like Bartonella, opportunistic infection

Question 43

Long term lymphedema is a risk factor for?

Answer 43

Angiosarcoma, a highly malignant cancer

Question 44

Giant cell arteritis is associated with which gene?

Answer 44

HLA-DR4

Question 45

What is the most common cause of vasculitis?

Answer 45

Direct injury by infectious organisms or immune related inflammation

Question 46

What is an ANCA

Answer 46

Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against the contents of the granules in neutrophils such as myeloperoxidase and proteinase

Question 47

What are symptoms of kawasaki disease?

Answer 47

Fever, inflammation of the membranes of the nasopharynx and oral mucosa, inflammation of the palms and soles of feet, cervical adenopathy

Question 48

What is the symptom triad of Wegener's granulomatosis?

Answer 48

Granulomatous inflammation of small and medium sized vessels Glomerulonephritis Necrotizing granulomas of the upper and lower respiratory tract

Question 49

Where do most cases of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis occur?

Answer 49

In the deep leg veins

Question 50

What is the Trousseau sign?

Answer 50

Migratory thrombophlebitis as a paraneoplastic syndrome in pancreas, colon, and lung cancer

Question 51

Respiratory affects seen in Wegener's granulomatosis separate it from which medium vessel disease?

Answer 51

Polyarteritis nedosa

Question 52

In giant cell arteritis, what cells are involved? There is fragmentation of?

Answer 52

The internal elastic lamina fragments, CD4 cells are involved

Question 53

Polyarteritis nedosis can lead to death by?

Answer 53

Renal failure

Question 54

What illness has strawberry gingiva?

Answer 54

Wegener's granulomatosis

Question 55

What is an example of vasculitis associated with a systemic disorder?

Answer 55

Henoch Schonlein purpura