Blood Vessels

Question 1

What is the vascular tree

Answer 1

Closed system of vessels

Question 2

What do arteries do

Answer 2

Carry blood away from heart to tissues

Question 3

What are arterioles

Answer 3

Smaller branches of arteries

Question 4

What are capillaries

Answer 4

Smaller branches of arterioles. Smallest vessels

Question 5

What are venules

Answer 5

Formed when capillaries rejoin. Return blood to heart

Question 6

What are veins

Answer 6

Formed when venules merge. Return blood to heart

Question 7

Systemic circulation

Answer 7

provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products. Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body.

Question 8

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 8

is the system of transportation that shunts de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be re-saturated with oxygen before being dispersed into the systemic circulation.

Question 9

Arteries carry blood ……

Answer 9

Away from heat

Question 10

Veins carry blood …..

Answer 10

Back to heart

Question 11

Special features of arteries

Answer 11

Thick, highly elastic walls, large radii

Question 12

Special features of arterioles

Answer 12

Highly muscular, well innervated walls, small radii

Question 13

Special features of capillaries

Answer 13

Thin walls, large total cross sectional area

Question 14

Special features of veins

Answer 14

Thin walls compared to arteries, highly distension, large radii

Question 15

How many layers/tunics of artery’s and veins

Answer 15

Tunica intima

Tunica media

Tunica adventita

Question 16

Tunica intima

Answer 16

Inter most, includes endothelium squamous cells

Question 17

Tunica media

Answer 17

Middle, mainly circular smooth muscle and elastin

Question 18

Tunica addventita

Answer 18

Outer, Fibrous connective tissue, rich in collagen and elastin

Question 19

Arteries serve as ….

Answer 19

Rapid transit pathways for blood from heat to organs. Their large radius offer little resistance to blood flow

Question 20

What do arteries also act as

Answer 20

Act as pressure reservoir to provide driving force for
blood when heart is relaxing
- Due to elastic nature of arterial walls

Question 21

What do collagen fibres provide

Answer 21

Tensile strength

Question 22

What do elastin fibres provide

Answer 22

Elasticity to arterial walls

Question 23

What is blood pressure

Answer 23

Force exerted by blood against a vessel wall

Question 24

Wh at does blood pressure depend on

Answer 24

Volume of blood contained within vessel

Compliance of vessel walls

Question 25

What is systolic pressure

Answer 25

Peak pressure exerted by ejected blood against vessel wall during cardiac systole Averages 120mm Hg

Question 26

What is diastolic pressure

Answer 26

Minimum pressure in arteries when blood is draining off into vessels downstream Averages 80mm Hg

Question 27

What can blood pressure be measured by

Answer 27

Indirectly with sphygmomanometer

Question 28

What are korotkoff sounds

Answer 28

Sounds heard when determing blood pressure. Distinct from heart sounds associated with valve closure

Question 29

What is pulse pressure and example

Answer 29

Pressure difference between systolic and diastolic pressure If BP is 120/80, the pulse pressure is 40mm Hg (12-80)

Question 30

What is mean arterial presure

Answer 30

Average pressure driving blood forward into tissues throughout cardiac cycle

Question 31

Formula for approving mean arterial pressure

Answer 31

Diastolic presure + 1/3 pulse pressure