Intro To Parmakokinetics

Question 1

What is pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

The mathematical analysis of the time courses of the process of ADME of a drug administered

Question 2

Pharmaco

Answer 2

Drugs

Question 3

Kinetics

Answer 3

Rate

Question 4

DMPK

Answer 4

Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics

Question 5

Distribution?

Answer 5

Description of where in the body the drug goes after administration and absorption

Question 6

Absorption?

Answer 6

Process of gettting a drug from delivery site to the bloodstream

Question 7

%absorption

Answer 7

Amount absorbed compared to amount administered

Question 8

Metabolism?

Answer 8

how the body chemically changes foreign compounds so
that they can be more easily removed from the body

Question 9

Elimination?

Answer 9

how the body removes drugs or metabolites

Question 10

What did Paracelsus say

Answer 10

“All drugs are poisons,
it is just a matter of
the dose”

Question 11

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Answer 11

Pharmacokinetics : how the body handles the drug

Pharmacodynamics: how the drug affects the body

Question 12

What does pharmacokinetics allow

Answer 12

• Allows comparison of:
- drugs
- formulations
- patients

• Allows prediction of effect of changing
- dose
- dose frequency
- route of administration

Question 13

Therapeutic window

Answer 13

Balance between therapeutic response and adverse effects. The amount of drug exposure is same

Question 14

Non-adherence to medications

Answer 14

Major source of variability in drug therapy

Question 15

Sites of measurement

Answer 15

• blood plasma
• blood serum
• whole blood
• breath
• milk
• urine

Question 16

Plasma % of blood

Answer 16

55

Question 17

Buffy coat % of blood

Answer 17

<1

Question 18

Erythrocytes % of blood

Answer 18

45

Question 19

Drug distribution and elimination are dependant on……

Answer 19

The unbound concentration

Question 20

Extravascuar routes o administration for systemic drug delivery

Answer 20

Via alimentary Canal = buccal, oral, rectal, sublingual

Other routes = inhalation, intramuscular, intranasal, subcutaneous, transdermal

Question 21

What is systemic circulation

Answer 21

carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body.

Question 22

Pulmonary ciculation

Answer 22

is a short loop from the heart to the lungs and back again.

Question 23

Systemic absorbiton

Answer 23

a route of administration of medication, nutrition or other substance into the circulatory system so that the entire body is affected.

Question 24

Enterohepatic cycle

Answer 24

the movement of bile acid molecules from the liver to the small intestine and back to the liverl

Question 25

pH partition hypothesis

Answer 25

explain the influence of GI pH and drug pKa on the extent of drug transfer or drug absorption.

Only non-ionised non-polar drugs penetrate the membrane and at equi, the conc of non-ionised species is equal on both sides but the total conc may be different

Question 26

Routes of oral absorption from the gastric lumen

Answer 26

• Transcellular route: passive diffusion
• Transcellular route: active transporter utilisation
• Paracellular route (tight junctions)
• Lipid absorption via micelles / bile salts
• Particulate absorption via GALT: (Gut-Associated Lymphatic Tissue)

Question 27

A drug must be ….. to be absorbed

Answer 27

Non-ionised and in solution

Question 28

PKa and pH equations

Answer 28

pKa

pKa = pH - log [A-]/[HA]

pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]

Question 29

Base % equation

Answer 29

100x(10 ^ pKa-pH / 1 + 10 ^ pKa-pH )

Question 30

Acid %

Answer 30

100x(10 ^ pKa-pH / 1 + 10 ^ pKa-pH )

Question 31

What is unbound concentration

Answer 31

The portion of drug that exerts a pharmacological effect