Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO-272 Exam 1 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

List the three types of arteries and veins and what they supply/origin

A
  • Coronary: arteries branch from aorta, supply myocardium: veins collect blood from myocardium, converge at coronary sinus
  • Pulmonary: arteries branch from pulmonary trunk, carry DO blood to lungs: veins carry o2 blood from lungs to left atrium
  • Systemic: arteries branch from aorta, deliver blood to body: veins empty to superior/inferior vena cava
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give the ranges for normal, hypertension 1, hypertension 2, and hypertensive crisis

A

Normal 120/80, hypertension 1 130/80, hypertension 2 140/90, hypertensive crisis 180/120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the 120/80 mean in BP

A

systolic/diastolic: systolic=pressure blood is pushing against arteries during a beat, diastolic=pressure against artery at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give the path of blood starting and ending at the heart

A

Heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 tunics of blood vessels

A

Tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give details on the Tunica Interna (structure function veins AND arteries AND capillaries)

A

Structure:
- simple squamous epithelium continuous with endocardium, layer of connective tissue
Function:
- In veins/arteries: prevents unwanted clotting
- in arteries: releases chemicals causing constriction of TM muscule tissue (regulate bf/bp)
- in capillaries: exchange of material between blood and tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are capillaries made of (wall)

A

ALL tunica interna for easy transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give details on the tunica media (structure function)

A

Structure:
- layers of smooth muscle
- connective tissue with elastic fiber proteins
- sympathetic innervation
Function:
- vasoconstriction and vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a blood vessel histological slide look like

A
  • veins collapse due to lack of tunica media
  • tunica interna slightly darker thin layer, tunica media largest layer, tunica externa thin dark layer external
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the structure of arteries

A

-wall thickness varies due to variations in smooth muscle fibers
- further from the heart=smaller lumen+less muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do arteries further from the heart have thinner walls and smaller lumen

A

Further=less bf=less bp= less force needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the structure of arterioles

A

thin walled arteries, metarteriole connects arteriole to capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the structure and function of capillaries

A
  • mostly endothelium
  • intercellular clefts connecting adjacent cells
  • coated with thin layer of proteins (basement membrane)
  • site of exchange for nutrients, gases, waste between bloodstream
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are precapillary sphincters

A

rings of muscle at the start of capillary beds, dilate and constrict to allow more or less BF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SSSSRH: slimy snakes sling right hooks shittily

A

sternum, scapula, skull, ribs, hip, spongy bone of proximal femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe continuous capillaries including structure function and location

A
  • most common
  • not in brain
  • endothelium w sealed basement membrane
  • small intercellular clefts w incomplete tight junctions between endothelial cells
  • passage of very small molecules through intercellular clefts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe fenestrated capillaries including structure function and location

A
  • holes in endothelial cells
  • allow small molecules through & proteins
  • found where proteins made to put in blood (endocrine gland, kidneys, SI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe sinusoid capillaries including structure function and location

A
  • LARGE endothelial holes
  • found in areas where large cells moved (bone marrow, liver, spleen)
  • discontinuous basement membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 types of special capillaries and explain

A

Anastomosis: alternative pathway for blood flow (direct connection from A-V)
Portal system: two capillary beds in a row

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the structure and function of veins

Study These Flashcards
A
  • return blood to heart
  • blood resevoir (over 50% of BV is in veins)
  • thinner walls than arteries
  • less pressure on blood flow
22
Q

what is the difference between veins in abdomen and veins in the arm

Study These Flashcards
A
  • veins in limbs larger with valves for unidirectional flow
23
Q

Describe the venous return to the heart (4)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. heart pushing pressure (ventricles)+ suction (atria)
  2. venous valves
  3. skeletal muscle pump
  4. respiratory pump
24
Q

explain the skeletal muscle pump in the arm

Study These Flashcards
A

skeletal muscles contract, squeeze on veins, valve prevents backflow forcing blood towards heart

25
explain the respiratory pump
breathing causes changes in pressure forcing blood through veins
26
basics of the 2 methods used to move things in and out of capillaries
Transcellular: (thru cell) - move across cells of the capillary wall - diffusion (concentration gradient) Paracellular: (pinch between) - move between cells of capillary wall - bulk flow (pressure gradient)
27
Explain what bulk flow is used for and how it works
- moves large amounts of solute in/out - how fluids/small solutes move between capillary and interstitial fluid - dependent on pressure, hardest force wins
28
Give the 2 determinants of blood flow (measurable) and explain both
blood pressure (pressure against capillary walls) and osmotic pressure (determined by albumin, water follows solute)
29
What is the difference in pressure on the arteriole side vs the venule side in regards to bulk flow
- arteriole side: pressure out harder than in, fluid exits (filtration) - venule side: pressure out lower than in, water enters (reabsorption)
30
what molecules travel via bulk flow
water, small hydrophilic substances in water (AA, glucose, ions)
31
Explain how capillary exchange is controlled and what biomarkers cause these controls
- dilation/constriction of arterioles and precapillary sphincters - active tissue= high co2, high heat, low o2= arterioles dilate, precap sphincters dilate= BF increase - inactive tissue= low co2, low temp, high pH, high o2= reverse
32
how is circulatory efficiency measured
pulse rate (expansion/recoil of arteries during card. cycle) and blood pressure
33
Why is blood pressure important
- constant pressure=constant supply of blood to organs - high bp= damage to blood vessels, can lead to heart disease
34
describe the procedure for measuring blood pressure (3)
1. BF stopped by sphygmomanometer squeeze, cutting brachial pulse 2. slow reduction in pressure> first blood pressure spurt passing through heard=systolic 3. further reduce pressure>sounds get louder eventually fade=diastolic
35
formula for MAP
MAP= CO x PR
36
what are the 2 factors that slow blood flow and what affects them
- viscosity: polycythemia, high altitude, dehydration - vessel size: vasomotion
37
describe 2 hormones that increase blood volume (when they are released, from where, and what they do)
- ADH: released by pituitary when plasma is low - Aldosterone: released by adrenal glands when BV and BP are low - increase water retention at kidneys, increasing BV and BP
38
describe a hormone that decreases blood volume (when it is released, from where, and what does it do)
- Natiuretic peptide hormone: released by atria when heart overstretching (BV too high) - target kidneys increase diuresis (urine prod) decrease BV and BP
39
Explain angiotensin II activation and what it does
1. kidney cells detect low BF, secrete renin 2. Renin coverts plasma protein angiotensinogen>angiotensin I 3. Angiotensin I circulates> lungs> converts to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme - increases BP via promoting vasoconstriciton
40
common target for cardiovascular drugs and why
ACE: increases BP and is powerful thus good to address in high BP patients
41
What are the 2 mechanisms of action for angiotensin II
1. system constriction of arteries 2. release of aldosterone and ADH
42
How do catecholamines increase BP (and where do they do the opposite?)
- released by adrenal glands in response to large sudden decrease in bp/increase in activity - cause vasoconstriction in most arteries (dilation in brain, skel muscle, lungs, heart)
43
Why do catecholamines have different effects in certain areas
during fight or flight better to have blood flow to critical areas so vessels vasodilate
44
What is the role of the nervous system in regulating BP
- all sympathetic motor neurons innervating arteries - increase rate of firing=vasoconstriction, decrease rate=vasodilation - sympathetic NS releasing catecholamines (neurotransmitter)
45
explain the role of the medulla oblongota and the 3 control centers it has
- control center for cardiovascular function - cardioinhibitory center: stimulate parasympathetic input to heart (lower HR, SV, CO) - cardioacceleratory center: stimulate sympathetic input to heart (raise HR, SV, CO) - vasomotor center: stimulates sympathetic input to blood vessels (raise BP, CO)
46
what are the four biomarkers for the medulla oblongota
BP, O2, CO2, pH
47
2 types of receptors for the medulla oblongota (where they are and what they do)
Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid artery - baroreceptor: detect BP changes - chemoreceptor: detect o2, co2, H+ ion changes
48
Give the blood path from the heart ending at the digital arteries
Aorta>brachiocephalic trunk>common carotid>subclavian>axillary>brachial>radial/ulnar>pulmar>digital
49
Give the blood path from the heart ending at the plantar/dorsal arterial arch
aorta>common iliac>external iliac>femoral posterior>popliteal>ant/post tibial>dorsal pedal>digital arteries>plantar/dorsal arterial arch
50
Give the venous path of blood from the digital veins to the vena cava
digital veins>pulmur veinous arch>cephalic/basilic>radial/ulnar>median cubital>brachial>axillary>subclavian>braciocephalic>internal/ext juglar>superior vena cava
51
Give venous path of blood starting at the plantar/dorsal arch ending at the inferior vena cava
plantar/dorsal arch>digital veins>venous arch> anterior/posterior tibial>small subvenous/great subvenous>popliteal/femoral>external iliac>common iliac> inferior vena cava

BIO-272 Exam 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions