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Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Name the THREE (3) LAYERS of BLOOD VESSELS.

A
  1. Tunica Intima
  2. Tunica Media
  3. Tunica Externa
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2
Q

This TUNIC forms a FRICTION REDUCING lining.

A

Tunica Intima

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3
Q

What are the TWO (2) LAYERS of the TINICA INTIMA?

A
  1. Endothelium

2. Subendothelial

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4
Q

This LAYER of the TUNICA INTIMA is made up of SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.

A

Endothelium

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5
Q

This layer of the TUNICA INTIMA is made up of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

A

Subendothelial

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6
Q

This TUNIC is made of SMOOTH MUSCLE and elastic tissue.

A

Tunica Media

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7
Q

The TUNICA MEDIA is CONTROLLED BY __________

A

Nervous System and Chemicals

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8
Q

This TUNIC PROTECTS, REINFORCES and ANCHORS the blood vessel.

A

Tunica Externa

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9
Q

This TUNIC is made up of loosely woven COLLAGEN FIBERS.

A

Tunica Externa

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10
Q

This NOURISHES the OUTER LAYER of LARGE VESSELS.

A

Vasa Vasorem

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11
Q

Name the THREE (3) GROUPS of ARTERIES.

A
  1. Elastic
  2. Muscular
  3. Arterioles
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12
Q

These type of ARTERIES are SWISS CHEESE LIKE and also known as CONDUCTING arteries.

A

Elastic

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13
Q

The AORTA and other MAJOR after are this TYPE of ARTERY.

A

Elastic

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14
Q

TRUE or FALSE: elastic arteries have thin walls.

A

FALSE,

Elastic arteries have THICK WALLS

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15
Q

These type of arteries are also known as DISTRIBUTING ARTERIES.

A

Muscular

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16
Q

These type of ARTERIES REGULATE BLOOD FLOW through CAPILLARIES.

A

Arterioles

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17
Q

These SPIDER SHAPED SMOOTH MUSCLE a strategic places help REGULATE CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY.

A

Pericytes

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18
Q

Name the THREE (3) types of CAPILLARIES.

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Sinusoidal
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19
Q

This type of CAPILLARY is the MOST COMMON, endothelial cells are joined by TIGHT JUNCTIONS that allow a LIMITED PASSAGE of FLUIDS and SOLUTES.

A

Continuous

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20
Q

This type of CAPILLARY has OVAL PORES in endothelial cells, is MORE PERMEABLE to fluids and small solutes.

A

Fenestrated

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21
Q

This type of CAPILLARY had SWISS CHEESE LIKE PORES that are PERMEABLE to LARGE MOLECULES.

A

Sinusoidal

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22
Q

TRUE or FALSE: blood cells can pass through sinusoidal capillaries.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

Name TWO (2) PLACES you would FIND CONTINUOUS CAPILLARIES.

A
  1. Skin

2. Muscle

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24
Q

Name TWO (2) PLACES you would FIND FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES

A
  1. Endocrine Organs

2. Glomerulus of Kidney

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25
Q

Name FOUR (4) PLACES you would FIND SINUSOIDAL CAPILLARIES.

A
  1. Liver
  2. Bone Marrow
  3. Spleen
  4. Adrenal Medulla
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26
Q

There are ____ miles of blood vessels in the body.

A

60,000 miles

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27
Q

This is the FLOW of BLOOD FROM the ARTERIOLE TO the VENULE through the CAPILLARY BED.

A

Microcirculation

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28
Q

Name the TWO (2) TYPES of CAPILLARY BEDS.

A
  1. Vascular Shunt
  2. True Capillaries

SEE CH. 19 ppt. SLIDE 9

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29
Q

What are the TWO (2) GROUPS of VEINS?

A
  1. Veins

2. Venules

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30
Q

TRUE or FALSE: veins get larger and thicker towards the heart.

A

TRUE

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31
Q

CAPILLARIES UNITE these type of VEINS.

A

Venules

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32
Q

This type of VENULE is characterized by ENDOTHELIUM with PERICYTES that are EXTREMELY POROUS so that WBCs and fluid PASS through EASILY.

A

Postcapillary Venule

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33
Q

This CHARACTERISTIC of VEINS cause a ONE WAY BLOOD FLOW TOWARD the HEART.

A

Venous Valves

34
Q

Where are VENOUS VALVES most ABUNDANT?

A

Limbs

35
Q

TRUE or FALSE: venous valves are abundant in the thorax and abdomen.

A

FALSE,

There are NO venous valves in the THORAX NOR ABDOMEN.

36
Q

This is a structural DEFECT in VEINS due to INCOMPETENT VALVES.

A

Varicose Veins

37
Q

These are ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS for BLOOD FLOW

A

Anastomoses

38
Q

What is the ANASTOMOSES in the BRAIN called?

A

Circle of Willis

39
Q

List TEN (10) things involved in ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

A
  1. Endothelium Injury
  2. Chemicals
  3. High BP
  4. Infection
  5. Lipid Accumulation/ Oxidation
  6. Macrophages Full of Fat
  7. Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferate
  8. Formation of Fibrous Cap
  9. Plaque Becomes Unstable
  10. Calcium Deposition
40
Q

This is the VOLUME of BLOOD FLOWING THROUGH the vessel, organ or system IN TIME (ml/min).

A

Blood Flow

41
Q

This is the FORCE per unit area EXERTED on VESSEL WALL by blood (mm Hg).

A

Blood Pressure

42
Q

RESISTANCE is AFFECTED by what THREE (3) things?

A
  1. Viscosity
  2. Blood Vessel Length
  3. Blood Vessel Diameter
43
Q

TRUE or FALSE: higher viscosity cause the blood to flow more slowly.

A

TRUE

44
Q

TRUE or FALSE: the longer the vessel the less resistance.

A

FALSE,

LONGER VESSEL = MORE RESISTANCE

45
Q

TRUE or FALSE: the smaller the diameter of the vessel the less resistance.

A

FALSE,

SMALLER DIAMETER = MORE RESISTANCE

46
Q

SYSTEMATIC BLOOD PRESSURE is HIGHEST in the __________.

A

Aorta

47
Q

BLOOD PRESSURE = how much COMPLIANCE in ELASTIC ARTERIES + __________.

A

Stroke Volume

48
Q

This is the PRESSURE from LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION (120mm Hg).

A

Systolic Blood Pressure

49
Q

This is the blood pressure when the VENTRICLES are RELAXED (70mm Hg).

A

Diastolic Blood Pressure

50
Q

How is PULSE PRESSURE CALCULATED?

A

Systolic BP- Diastolic BP =

Pulse Pressure

51
Q

This is DIASTOLIC BP + 1/3 PULSE PRESSURE.

A

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

52
Q

TRUE or FALSE: the farther from the heart the lower the MAP.

A

TRUE

53
Q

PRECAPILLARY BP is ____mm Hg.

A

35mm Hg

54
Q

VENULE BP is ____mm Hg.

A

17mm Hg

55
Q

What THREE (3) FORCES DRIVE SYSTEMIC BP?

A
  1. Muscular Pump
  2. Respiratory Pump
  3. Sympathetic Vasoconstriction
56
Q

This MAINTAINS MAP through blood VESSEL DIAMETER and DIRECTS BLOOD where it’s needed.

A

Short Term Regulation

57
Q

Which VERTEBRAE are VASOMOTOR FIBERS located?

A

T1-L2

58
Q

NORMAL SYSTOLIC range is from ____ to ____mm Hg.

A

140 to 110mm Hg

59
Q

NORMAL DIASTOLIC range is from ____ to ____mm Hg.

A

80-70mm Hg

60
Q

This ABNORMAL BP is characterized by a BP BELOW 90/60.

A

Hypotension

61
Q

What TEST is used to diagnose ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION?

A

Ragland’s Test

62
Q

This ABNORMAL BP is characterized by a sustained ELEVATED ARTERIAL PRESSURE of 140/90mm Hg.

A

Hypertension

63
Q

Describe the FIVE (5) KOROTKOFF SOUNDS.

A
  1. Snapping
  2. Murmur
  3. Crisp Tapping
  4. Thumping
  5. Silence
64
Q

What causes the SNAPPING KOROTKOFF SOUND?

A

Systolic Pressure

65
Q

What causes the MURMUR KOROTKOFF SOUND?

A

Area Between Systolic and Diastolic Pressures

66
Q

What causes the THUMPING KOROTKOFF SOUND?

A

Pressures Within 10mm Hg Above Diastolic BP

67
Q

What causes the SILENT KOROTKOFF SOUND?

A

Pressure -2mm Hg Below Diastolic BP

68
Q

What are the FOUR (4) ROUTES of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE?

A
  1. Direct Diffusion (Membranes)
  2. Intercellular Clefts
  3. Pores of Fenestrated Capillaries
  4. Active Transport (Pinocytotic Vesicles) OR (Caveolae)
69
Q

This ROUTE of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE allows the PASSAGE of LIPID SOLUBLE molecules, GASES and STEROID HORMONES.

A

Direct Diffusion Through Membranes

70
Q

These TWO (2) ROUTES of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE allow the PASSAGE of WATER SOLUBLE solutes, AMINO ACIDS and SUGARS.

A
  1. Diffusion Through Intercellular Clefts

2. Diffusion Through Pores of Fenestrated Capillaries

71
Q

This ROUTE of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE allows the PASSAGE of LARGER MOLECULES and PROTEINS.

A

Active Transport Via Pinocytotic Vesicles

72
Q

What are FIVE (5) METHODS of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE?

A
  1. Filtration Movement (Bulk Flow)
  2. Hydrostatic Pressure
  3. Filtration
  4. Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure
  5. Colloid Osmotic Pressure
73
Q

This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE determines RELATIVE FLUID VOLUMES in bloodstream and interstitial space.

A

Fluid Movement (Bulk Flow)

74
Q

This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE is characterized by PRESSURE against the VESSEL WALL.

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

75
Q

This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE is when FLUIDS are FORCED OUT by HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE.

A

Filtration

76
Q

This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE is characterized by FLUID PRESSURE in INTERSTITIAL SPACE.

A

Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure

77
Q

This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE is CREATED by LARGE NON-DIFFUSIBLE MOLECULES like PLASMA PROTEINS (Albumin).

A

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

78
Q

What are THREE (3) types of CIRCULATORY SHOCK?

A
  1. Hypovolemic Shock
  2. Vascular Shock
  3. Cardiogenic Shock
79
Q

This type of CIRCULATORY SHOCK is the MOST COMMON and is characterized by a WEAK THREADY PULSE.

A

Hypovolemic Shock

80
Q

This type of CIRCULATORY SHOCK is characterized by a NORMAL BLOOD VOLUME but EXTREME VASODILATION.

A

Vascular Shock

81
Q

What are THREE (3) examples of VASCULAR SHOCK?

A
  1. Anaphylactic Shock
  2. Neurogenic Shock
  3. Septic Shock
82
Q

This type of CIRCULATORY SHOCK is caused by PUMP FAILURE.

A

Cardiogenic Shock

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