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Blood Vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the THREE (3) LAYERS of BLOOD VESSELS.

A
  1. Tunica Intima
  2. Tunica Media
  3. Tunica Externa
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2
Q

This TUNIC forms a FRICTION REDUCING lining.

A

Tunica Intima

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3
Q

What are the TWO (2) LAYERS of the TINICA INTIMA?

A
  1. Endothelium

2. Subendothelial

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4
Q

This LAYER of the TUNICA INTIMA is made up of SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.

A

Endothelium

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5
Q

This layer of the TUNICA INTIMA is made up of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

A

Subendothelial

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6
Q

This TUNIC is made of SMOOTH MUSCLE and elastic tissue.

A

Tunica Media

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7
Q

The TUNICA MEDIA is CONTROLLED BY __________

A

Nervous System and Chemicals

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8
Q

This TUNIC PROTECTS, REINFORCES and ANCHORS the blood vessel.

A

Tunica Externa

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9
Q

This TUNIC is made up of loosely woven COLLAGEN FIBERS.

A

Tunica Externa

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10
Q

This NOURISHES the OUTER LAYER of LARGE VESSELS.

A

Vasa Vasorem

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11
Q

Name the THREE (3) GROUPS of ARTERIES.

A
  1. Elastic
  2. Muscular
  3. Arterioles
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12
Q

These type of ARTERIES are SWISS CHEESE LIKE and also known as CONDUCTING arteries.

A

Elastic

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13
Q

The AORTA and other MAJOR after are this TYPE of ARTERY.

A

Elastic

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14
Q

TRUE or FALSE: elastic arteries have thin walls.

A

FALSE,

Elastic arteries have THICK WALLS

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15
Q

These type of arteries are also known as DISTRIBUTING ARTERIES.

A

Muscular

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16
Q

These type of ARTERIES REGULATE BLOOD FLOW through CAPILLARIES.

A

Arterioles

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17
Q

These SPIDER SHAPED SMOOTH MUSCLE a strategic places help REGULATE CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY.

A

Pericytes

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18
Q

Name the THREE (3) types of CAPILLARIES.

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Sinusoidal
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19
Q

This type of CAPILLARY is the MOST COMMON, endothelial cells are joined by TIGHT JUNCTIONS that allow a LIMITED PASSAGE of FLUIDS and SOLUTES.

A

Continuous

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20
Q

This type of CAPILLARY has OVAL PORES in endothelial cells, is MORE PERMEABLE to fluids and small solutes.

A

Fenestrated

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21
Q

This type of CAPILLARY had SWISS CHEESE LIKE PORES that are PERMEABLE to LARGE MOLECULES.

A

Sinusoidal

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22
Q

TRUE or FALSE: blood cells can pass through sinusoidal capillaries.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

Name TWO (2) PLACES you would FIND CONTINUOUS CAPILLARIES.

A
  1. Skin

2. Muscle

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24
Q

Name TWO (2) PLACES you would FIND FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES

A
  1. Endocrine Organs

2. Glomerulus of Kidney

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25
Name FOUR (4) PLACES you would FIND SINUSOIDAL CAPILLARIES.
1. Liver 2. Bone Marrow 3. Spleen 4. Adrenal Medulla
26
There are ____ miles of blood vessels in the body.
60,000 miles
27
This is the FLOW of BLOOD FROM the ARTERIOLE TO the VENULE through the CAPILLARY BED.
Microcirculation
28
Name the TWO (2) TYPES of CAPILLARY BEDS.
1. Vascular Shunt 2. True Capillaries **SEE CH. 19 ppt. SLIDE 9**
29
What are the TWO (2) GROUPS of VEINS?
1. Veins | 2. Venules
30
TRUE or FALSE: veins get larger and thicker towards the heart.
TRUE
31
CAPILLARIES UNITE these type of VEINS.
Venules
32
This type of VENULE is characterized by ENDOTHELIUM with PERICYTES that are EXTREMELY POROUS so that WBCs and fluid PASS through EASILY.
Postcapillary Venule
33
This CHARACTERISTIC of VEINS cause a ONE WAY BLOOD FLOW TOWARD the HEART.
Venous Valves
34
Where are VENOUS VALVES most ABUNDANT?
Limbs
35
TRUE or FALSE: venous valves are abundant in the thorax and abdomen.
FALSE, There are NO venous valves in the THORAX NOR ABDOMEN.
36
This is a structural DEFECT in VEINS due to INCOMPETENT VALVES.
Varicose Veins
37
These are ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS for BLOOD FLOW
Anastomoses
38
What is the ANASTOMOSES in the BRAIN called?
Circle of Willis
39
List TEN (10) things involved in ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
1. Endothelium Injury 2. Chemicals 3. High BP 4. Infection 5. Lipid Accumulation/ Oxidation 6. Macrophages Full of Fat 7. Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferate 8. Formation of Fibrous Cap 9. Plaque Becomes Unstable 10. Calcium Deposition
40
This is the VOLUME of BLOOD FLOWING THROUGH the vessel, organ or system IN TIME (ml/min).
Blood Flow
41
This is the FORCE per unit area EXERTED on VESSEL WALL by blood (mm Hg).
Blood Pressure
42
RESISTANCE is AFFECTED by what THREE (3) things?
1. Viscosity 2. Blood Vessel Length 3. Blood Vessel Diameter
43
TRUE or FALSE: higher viscosity cause the blood to flow more slowly.
TRUE
44
TRUE or FALSE: the longer the vessel the less resistance.
FALSE, LONGER VESSEL = MORE RESISTANCE
45
TRUE or FALSE: the smaller the diameter of the vessel the less resistance.
FALSE, SMALLER DIAMETER = MORE RESISTANCE
46
SYSTEMATIC BLOOD PRESSURE is HIGHEST in the __________.
Aorta
47
BLOOD PRESSURE = how much COMPLIANCE in ELASTIC ARTERIES + __________.
Stroke Volume
48
This is the PRESSURE from LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION (120mm Hg).
Systolic Blood Pressure
49
This is the blood pressure when the VENTRICLES are RELAXED (70mm Hg).
Diastolic Blood Pressure
50
How is PULSE PRESSURE CALCULATED?
Systolic BP- Diastolic BP = Pulse Pressure
51
This is DIASTOLIC BP + 1/3 PULSE PRESSURE.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
52
TRUE or FALSE: the farther from the heart the lower the MAP.
TRUE
53
PRECAPILLARY BP is ____mm Hg.
35mm Hg
54
VENULE BP is ____mm Hg.
17mm Hg
55
What THREE (3) FORCES DRIVE SYSTEMIC BP?
1. Muscular Pump 2. Respiratory Pump 3. Sympathetic Vasoconstriction
56
This MAINTAINS MAP through blood VESSEL DIAMETER and DIRECTS BLOOD where it's needed.
Short Term Regulation
57
Which VERTEBRAE are VASOMOTOR FIBERS located?
T1-L2
58
NORMAL SYSTOLIC range is from ____ to ____mm Hg.
140 to 110mm Hg
59
NORMAL DIASTOLIC range is from ____ to ____mm Hg.
80-70mm Hg
60
This ABNORMAL BP is characterized by a BP BELOW 90/60.
Hypotension
61
What TEST is used to diagnose ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION?
Ragland's Test
62
This ABNORMAL BP is characterized by a sustained ELEVATED ARTERIAL PRESSURE of 140/90mm Hg.
Hypertension
63
Describe the FIVE (5) KOROTKOFF SOUNDS.
1. Snapping 2. Murmur 3. Crisp Tapping 4. Thumping 5. Silence
64
What causes the SNAPPING KOROTKOFF SOUND?
Systolic Pressure
65
What causes the MURMUR KOROTKOFF SOUND?
Area Between Systolic and Diastolic Pressures
66
What causes the THUMPING KOROTKOFF SOUND?
Pressures Within 10mm Hg Above Diastolic BP
67
What causes the SILENT KOROTKOFF SOUND?
Pressure -2mm Hg Below Diastolic BP
68
What are the FOUR (4) ROUTES of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE?
1. Direct Diffusion (Membranes) 2. Intercellular Clefts 3. Pores of Fenestrated Capillaries 4. Active Transport (Pinocytotic Vesicles) OR (Caveolae)
69
This ROUTE of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE allows the PASSAGE of LIPID SOLUBLE molecules, GASES and STEROID HORMONES.
Direct Diffusion Through Membranes
70
These TWO (2) ROUTES of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE allow the PASSAGE of WATER SOLUBLE solutes, AMINO ACIDS and SUGARS.
1. Diffusion Through Intercellular Clefts | 2. Diffusion Through Pores of Fenestrated Capillaries
71
This ROUTE of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE allows the PASSAGE of LARGER MOLECULES and PROTEINS.
Active Transport Via Pinocytotic Vesicles
72
What are FIVE (5) METHODS of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE?
1. Filtration Movement (Bulk Flow) 2. Hydrostatic Pressure 3. Filtration 4. Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure 5. Colloid Osmotic Pressure
73
This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE determines RELATIVE FLUID VOLUMES in bloodstream and interstitial space.
Fluid Movement (Bulk Flow)
74
This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE is characterized by PRESSURE against the VESSEL WALL.
Hydrostatic Pressure
75
This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE is when FLUIDS are FORCED OUT by HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE.
Filtration
76
This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE is characterized by FLUID PRESSURE in INTERSTITIAL SPACE.
Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure
77
This METHOD of CAPILLARY EXCHANGE is CREATED by LARGE NON-DIFFUSIBLE MOLECULES like PLASMA PROTEINS (Albumin).
Colloid Osmotic Pressure
78
What are THREE (3) types of CIRCULATORY SHOCK?
1. Hypovolemic Shock 2. Vascular Shock 3. Cardiogenic Shock
79
This type of CIRCULATORY SHOCK is the MOST COMMON and is characterized by a WEAK THREADY PULSE.
Hypovolemic Shock
80
This type of CIRCULATORY SHOCK is characterized by a NORMAL BLOOD VOLUME but EXTREME VASODILATION.
Vascular Shock
81
What are THREE (3) examples of VASCULAR SHOCK?
1. Anaphylactic Shock 2. Neurogenic Shock 3. Septic Shock
82
This type of CIRCULATORY SHOCK is caused by PUMP FAILURE.
Cardiogenic Shock

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