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Physiology > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

_____ transports blood under high pressure.

A

Arteries

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2
Q

____ helps with fluid regulation and distribution.

A

Arterioles

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3
Q

_____ controls flow to capillaries.

A

Arterioles

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4
Q

_____ is located between arteriole and capillaries.

A

Precapillary sphincter

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5
Q

____ exchange fluids, nutrients, hormones, etc.

A

Capillaries

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6
Q

_____ collect blood from capillaries.

A

Venules

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7
Q

______ is a blood reservoir.

A

Veins

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8
Q

64% of blood is found in _____ system.

A

venous

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9
Q

_____ is conduit to heart.

A

Vena cava

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10
Q

Cardiac output is primarily determined by _____.

A

venous activity

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11
Q

ANS to ______ is critical for blood pressure regulation and blood redistribution to meet metabolic needs through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

A

aterial system

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12
Q

40% of blood is found in ______.

A

small veins (venules)

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13
Q

Redistribution of blood flow is related to what three things?

A

O2
CO2
waste (pH)

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14
Q

_____ is controlled by local tissue flows.

A

Cardiac output

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15
Q

_____ is controlled by local blood flow and cardiac output control.

A

Arterial pressure

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16
Q

____ is the thin lining of endothelium (epithelial cells)

A

tunica intima

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17
Q

____ decreases resistance to flow and platelet aggregation.

A

tunica intima

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18
Q

_____ is smooth muscle and connective tissue.

A

Tunica media

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19
Q

_____ is responsible for blood distribution.

A

tunica media

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20
Q

_____ is the fibrosis outer layer for protection.

A

Tunica adventitia

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21
Q

_____ has small vessels for blood flow to vessels (Vasa Vasorum).

A

Tunica adventitia

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22
Q

_____ has small vessels for blood flow to nerves (Vasa Nervorum.

A

Tunica adventitia

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23
Q

What are the two main functions of endothelium in vessels?

A

regulate vascular tone: vasodilation, vasoconstriction

prevent thrombus: barrier to collagen, metabolize ADP, formation of prostacyclin

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24
Q

What substance causes vasodilation?

A

Nitric oxide

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25
Q

What substance causes vasoconstriction?

A

endothelin

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26
Q

What does metabolizing ADP do?

A

prevents platelet formation

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27
Q

Whats does formation of prostacyclin do?

A

vasodilates, prevents platelet activation

28
Q

Endothelium dysfunction relates to what 4 disease?

A

Hypertension
Coronary disease
Heart failure
Diabetes

29
Q

What is the theory behind the endothelium dysfunction diseases?

A

Chronic inflammation theory

30
Q

_____ is the ability of the vessel to stretch.

A

Distensibility

31
Q

_____ allows for venous reservoir: veins > arterial.

A

Distensibility

32
Q

____ is the ability of vessel to stretch and hold volume.

A

Compliance

33
Q

True or False? Veins are much more compliant than arteries.

A

True

34
Q

______ = change in vascular pressure/resistance.

A

blood flow

35
Q

_______ is % of cells in blood.

A

Hematocrit

36
Q

____ are elastic vessels.

A

Large arteries

37
Q

____ are resistance vessels.

A

Arterioles and Terminal arteries

38
Q

____ are capacitance vessels.

A

Venules and veins

39
Q

_____ are conduit and feed vessels.

A

Metarterioles

40
Q

____ are exchange vessels.

A

Capillaries

41
Q

What are the 6 functions of capillaries?

A

Permeability –exchange waste products to
nutrients
Activation –in lung converts Angiotensin I to
Angiotensin II
Inactivation –bradykinins, prostaglandins,
serotonin, norepinephrine, thrombin into inert
products
Lipolysis –lipoprotein lipase
Production of vasoactive factors –e.g., nitric
oxide
Antithrombogenicfunction –PGi2 (vasodilator,
inhibits PLT activation & barrier to collagen

42
Q

_____ is pressure form weight of fluid.

A

Hydrostatic pressure

43
Q

____ prevents the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.

A

Osmotic pressure

44
Q

What are the 5 factors that affect filtration?

A
  • blood pressure
  • blood flow
  • blood protein
  • capillary permeability
  • lymphatic drainage
45
Q

What are the five factors that influence pressure and flow?

A
  • ANS
  • Chemoreceptors
  • Baroreceptors
  • CNS
  • Neurohormones
46
Q

______ respond to hypotension with vasoconstriction.

A

Alpha 1 and alpha 2

47
Q

_____ causes vasodilation which leads to hypotension.

A

Beta 2

48
Q

Beta 2 is needed for fight and flight response by dilating which 4 areas?

A
  • coronary arteries
  • hepatic arteries
  • skeletal muscle
  • bronchioles
49
Q

Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus send signals to what nerve in the medulla?

A

IX - Glossopharyngeal

50
Q

Baroreceptors in the aortic arch send signals to what nerve in the medulla?

A

X - Vagus

51
Q

True or False? Carotid sinus is more sensitive than aortic arch in respect to baroreceptors.

A

True

52
Q

What is the effect of increased SNS activation?

A

An increase in CO and TPR to increase BP

53
Q

Increased action potentials from the baroreceptors will lead to: ______.

A

inhibition of SNS:

  • decrease SNS and increased vagal tone
  • effect decrease CO adn TPR to decrease BP
54
Q

_____ is pressure exerted during ejection.

A

systolic pressure

55
Q

____ is pressure exerted during cardiac relaxation.

A

Diastolic pressure

56
Q

What are three key factors for pulse pressure?

A
  • arteriole function
  • SV
  • arterial compliance
57
Q

____ occurs on graph when aortic valve closes.

A

Dicrotic notch

58
Q

True or False? MAP - RAP = TPR X CO.

A

True

59
Q

What three things activate chemoreceptors in carotid sinus and aortic arch?

A
  • decreased PaO2 (aortic response only)
  • decreased pH
  • increased PaCO2
60
Q

Increased APs in chemoreceptors leads to: _____.

A
  • increased SNS

- effect increase Co adn TPR to increase BP

61
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide is released from ____ when _____.

A

atria, stretched

62
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) also called vasopressin is released from ______.

A

posterior pituitary

63
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes _____.

A

loss of Na and H2O

64
Q

ADH causes ____>

A

retaining of H2O

65
Q

What three things cause capillary fluid shift?

A
  • increase in hydrostatic pressure
  • fluid shift of plasma to intersitial space
  • decreased volume and BP to a point
66
Q

______ causes vitals to change during transitional movements.

A

Orthostatic hypotension

67
Q

_____ is holding your breath.

A

Valsalva Maneuver

Physiology (15 decks)

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