Blood Vessels Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the three layers of blood vessels called?
Tunica externa - outer (protective elastic and collagen) Tunica media - middle (Smooth muscle) Tunica interna - inner (Endothelium and basement membrane)
Vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur where?
In the arterioles to regulate blood pressure
What is Cardiac Output?
Amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute
What is Stroke Volume?
Volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one contraction
How do you calculate cardiac output (CO)?
CO = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
What is cardiac output measured in?
L/min
What is Venous return?
Volume of blood returning to the heart
What is hypovolemic shock?
Decreased blood volume
Cardiac output decreases due to decline in stroke volume and venous return
What is systolic blood pressure?
Max pressure exerted in arteries during ventricular contraction
What is diastolic blood pressure?
Min pressure in arteries when left ventricle relaxes
What factors affect blood pressure?
Cardiac output Viscosity Blood volume Resistance Elasticity of arteries
What is normal BP range?
120-100
—————
80-90
What is hypertension?
High BP
> 140/90
What is hypotension?
Low BP
<90/50
What monitors the stretching of the walls of blood vessels?
Baroreceptors
What do chemoreceptors monitor?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen ion concentration in blood.
What does high blood pressure damage?
Heart, brain, kidneys
Where can you take a pulse from? (6)
Common carotid artery Axillary artery (armpit) Brachial (elbow) Radial artery (wrist) Femoral artery (groin) Dorsalis pedis (front ankle)
What is TPR?
Total peripheral resistance
Total of all resistance by vessels the blood is pumped, length of vessels and viscosity
What regulates blood pressure when there is a disruption in homeostasis?
Brain signals to cardiac centre to regulate BP through
neural regulation
Hormonal regulation
Autoregulation
