Tissues

Question 1

What are the four basic types of tissue in the body?

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

Question 2

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

Covers surfaces, lines organs, cavities, ducts.
Forms glands, protects.

It’s avascularity no blood vessels

Question 3

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 3

Bonds organs together, stores energy as fat, protects and supports, helps provide immunity.

Question 4

What are the characteristics of muscular tissue?

Answer 4

Specialised for contraction, generates force,

Generates heat.

Question 5

What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?

Answer 5

Detects changes inside be outside of the body.

Generates nerve impulses for muscle contraction and glandular secretions.

Question 6

Name 5 main types of cell junctions.

Answer 6

Tight junctions
Adherens junctions
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes 
Gap junctions

Question 7

What are tight junctions?

Answer 7

Fuse together outer plasma membrane, prevent leakage

Question 8

What are adherens junctions?

Answer 8

Contain dense proteins making up adhesion belt, stop cells separating during contractile activity.

Question 9

What are desmosomes?

Answer 9

Anchors, ‘spot welding’ cells to stop separation.

Question 10

What are hemidemosomes?

Answer 10

Anchor cells to basement membrane

Question 11

What are gap junctions?

Answer 11

Connect cells, have channels for ions and small molecules to diffuse.

Also electrical impulses can pass through, eg ions, electrolytes, sugar, sodium

Question 12

Name 5 characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 12

Protection
Filtration
Secretes
Absorbs
Excretes substances.

Question 13

What is the layer under the epithelial tissue?

Answer 13

Basement membrane

Question 14

What is the name of the uppermost layer of cells closest to the surface?

Answer 14

Apical surface

Question 15

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 15

Surface epithelial

Glandular epithelial

Question 16

What are the two classifications of epithelial tissue?

Answer 16

Simple - one layer
Stratified- multi layer

Basal surface is the bottom layer.

Question 17

What are the 3 shapes of epithelial tissue?

Answer 17

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 18

What are the two main types of epithelial tissue cells?

Answer 18

Glandular and surface.

Question 19

Name the two types of glandular epithelial tissue?

Answer 19

Endocrine and exocrine.

Endocrine tissue - pituitary, adrenals, pancreas.

Exocrine tissue - sweat glands, liver

Question 20

What are the 3 types of epithelial membrane?

Answer 20

Cutaneous - dry, outside, skin.
Mucous - moist, open to exterior, nasal cavity, lining oesophagus
Serous - in closed cavities, pericardium, plural

Question 21

Name 6 characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 21

Protection - bear weight
Binding together other tissues
Support - ‘packing’ around organs
High vascularity
Extracellular matrix (fibres and collagen)
Ground substance

Very abundant in body

Question 22

What is ground substance? (4)

Answer 22

Fills space between cells and fibres,
full of water, proteins, polysaccharides
Mast cells
Oxygen diffuses through

Question 23

Name 3 types of connective tissue?

Answer 23

Supporting - bone, cartilage
Fluid - blood, lymph
Connective tissue proper

Question 24

Name the 3 types of injection sites.

Answer 24

Intradermal - top layer of skin
Subcutaneous - under dermis
Intramuscular - muscle tissue

Question 25

What are two types of connective tissue proper?

Answer 25

General and specialised

Question 26

What are the two types of general connective tissue proper?

Answer 26

Loose - lots of fluid
and dense - less cells more fibres

Dense comes in regular or irregular