Blood Vessels and Blood

Question 1

What is a portal system?

Answer 1

Blood passes through 2nd capillary bed before returning to heart

Question 2

What are the blood vessels that lead from the capillary to the heart?

Answer 2

Veins

Question 3

How does the blood pressure in arteries compare to blood pressure in veins? What are
mechanisms used to help get blood back to the heart?

Answer 3

Blood pressure in veins is lower than arteries. Smooth muscle!

Question 4

What does systole mean? What does diastole mean?

Answer 4

Systole: arterial pressure when left ventricle contracts (high pressure)
Diastole: arterial pressure when left ventricle relaxes (low pressure)

Question 5

What is an aneurysm? A DVT?

Answer 5

• Sac-like ballooning of artery or vein
• Clots (thrombi) form on venous cusps

Question 6

Compare blood vessels to lymph vessels

Answer 6

• Blood: transport blood, continuous circuit
• Lymph: transport lymph, one way

Question 7

List the three primary layers of blood vessel walls and what they are made of

Answer 7

Tunica intima : endothelium
Tunica media : smooth muscle
Tunica externa : loose areolar CT

Question 8

What is a vaso vasorum? Where would you find one?

Answer 8

Large vessels with their own blood supply. Found in aorta and its branches

Question 9

List, in order, the blood vessel types that are found throughout systemic circulation

Answer 9

arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries

Question 10

What is a major difference between an elastic and a muscular artery?

Answer 10

Muscular arteries contain more smooth muscle cells in the tunica media layer than the elastic arteries

Question 11

Of these, which is involved in regulating blood flow to tissues? Muscular arteries, arterioles, elastic arteries

Answer 11

Arterioles

Question 12

Which tunic makes the walls of capillaries?

Answer 12

Tunic intima

Question 13

What are the two vessels that are able to regulate blood flow to surrounding tissues?

Answer 13

muscular artery and arterioles

Question 14

What happens when a precapillary sphincter closes?

Answer 14

Blood then passes through the the capillary bed via the metarteriole

Question 15

What kind of antibodies does type AB blood produce? What type of antigens does type AB
blood produce?

Answer 15

Antibodies: none!
Antigens: A and B

Question 16

What types of antigens does type O blood produce? What types of antibodies does type O
blood produce?

Answer 16

Antibodies: anti A and B
Antigens: none!

Question 17

When is the Rh antigen a problem?

Answer 17

When having a baby that is the opposite Rh antigen as you

Question 18

What does “formed elements” refer to? What are they? Which of these make the “buffy coat”?

Answer 18

• Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
• Buffy coat is leukocytes and platelets

Question 19

What type of tissue is blood?

Answer 19

Connective tissue

Question 20

Blood is made mostly of:

Answer 20

Plasma

Question 21

What does fibrinogen do?

Answer 21

helps stop bleeding by helping blood clots to form

Question 22

Red blood cell come from one precursor cell and white blood cells and platelets from another. T
or F? Explain.

Answer 22

True, An immature cell can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Question 23

Describe erythrocyte characteristics. Why do they not live very long?

Answer 23

• Anaerobic, full of hemoglobin, biconcave
• Doesn’t live very long because they are anucleate and do not have any organelles

Question 24

What is a primary function of RBCs?

Answer 24

To carry oxygen into tissues

Question 25

What would happen if iron was not available for hemoglobin formation?

Answer 25

hemoglobin cannot be formed and fewer RBCs are produced

Question 26

What kind of antibodies does type AB blood produce? What type of antigens does type AB blood produce?

Answer 26

Antibodies: none Antigens: A and B

Question 27

What types of antigens does type O blood produce? What types of antibodies does type O blood produce?

Answer 27

Antibodies: anti A and B Antigens: none

Question 28

When is the Rh antigen a problem?

Answer 28

When carrying a baby that is the opposite of the mother

Question 29

What kind of antibodies does type A blood produce? What type of antigens does type A blood produce?

Answer 29

Antibodies: Anti B Antigens: A

Question 30

What kind of antibodies does type B blood produce? What type of antigens does type B blood produce?

Answer 30

Antibodies: anti A Antigens: B

Question 31

What does “formed elements” refer to? What are they? Which of these make the “buffy coat”?

Answer 31

- Erythrocytes (rbc) - leukocytes (wbc) - platelets - wbc and platelets make up the buffy coat

Question 32

What type of tissue is blood?

Answer 32

Connective Tissue

Question 33

Blood is made mostly of:

Answer 33

Plasma

Question 34

What does fibrinogen do?

Answer 34

Lets the blood clot

Question 35

Red blood cell come from one precursor cell and white blood cells and platelets from another. T or F? Explain.

Answer 35

T, all blood cells start as a base cell in bone marrow which then can be made into any type of blood cell

Question 36

Describe erythrocyte characteristics. Why do they not live very long?

Answer 36

- anaerobic, full of hemoglobin, bi-concave - They do not live long because they are anucleate and contain no organs

Question 37

What is a primary function of RBCs?

Answer 37

To carry oxygen to tissues

Question 38

What would happen if iron was not available for hemoglobin formation?

Answer 38

If iron was not available then there would be a lack of RBCs made

Question 39

What is the term for blood cell formation?

Answer 39

hemopoiesis

Question 40

What causes sickle cell anemia?

Answer 40

The mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together, creating sickle-shaped red blood cells. one amino acid off

Question 41

How are white blood cells able to move out of blood vessel walls?

Answer 41

diapedesis: squeeze through the small capillary walls, which are only one cell thick

Question 42

What does it mean that WBCs are “complete” cells? What are WBCs involved with?

Answer 42

have nucleus and organelles

Question 43

Are platelets a complete cell? Explain. What are platelets involved in?

Answer 43

- No because they do not have a nucleus - Platelets are important in blood clotting