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Physiology > Blood Vessels And Circulation > Flashcards

Blood Vessels And Circulation Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What is the cardiovascular/circulatory system ?

A

The transport system of the body

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2
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system ?

A

-Transports nutrients, hormones
-Removes waste products
-Gaseous exchange
-Immunity
-blood vessels transport blood, carries oxygen and carbon dioxide, carries nutrients and wastes
-heart pumps blood through blood vessels

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3
Q

What are the components of the cardiovascular system ?

A

Blood, Heart, Blood vessels

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4
Q

What are the five types of blood vessels ?

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules

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5
Q

What are the two large arteries?

A

Aorta and pulmonary trunk which branch out into capillaries

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6
Q

Function of arteries

A

Carry’s blood away from the heart to body tissues

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7
Q

Function of arteries

A

Carry’s blood away from the heart to body tissues

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8
Q

Function of arterioles

A

Small arteries found in organs branch out into capillaries

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9
Q

Function of capillaries

A

Microscopic vessels that branch off of arterioles in organs

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10
Q

Function of veins?

A

Larger vessels formed by merging venules that carry blood from tissues back to the heart

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11
Q

Function of venules

A

Small veins formed by groups of capillaries within a tissue that reunite

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12
Q

Distribution of blood volume

A

Systematic arteries and arterioles- 15%
Systematic wines and venules- 60%
Systematic capillaries-5%
Pulmonary blood vessels-12%
Heart chambers-8%

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13
Q

Three main types or arteries

A

Elastic arterie
Muscular arteries
Arterioles

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14
Q

explain Elastic artery

A

Elastic artery are those nearest to the heart (aorta and pulmonary artery) that contain a lot more elastic tissue in the tunica media than muscular arteries this feature allows them to maintain a relatively constant pressure gradient despite the constant pumping function of the heart

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15
Q

Explain Muscular arteries

A

Muscular arteries include the anatomically named arteries such as the brachial artery, radial artery, and femoral artery, muscular artery contain more smooth muscle cells in the tunica media layer then the elastic arteries

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16
Q

Explain arterioles

A

Arterioles are small vessels that carry blood away from the heart and are connectors between your arteries and capillaries, they control blood pressure and blood flow through your body using their muscles to change diameter

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17
Q

What is lumen

A

Hollow space through where the blood flows

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18
Q

What are the three layers surrounding the lumen

A

Tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

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19
Q

Explain tunica interna

A

Inner layer, endothelium composed of simple squamous epithelium ,a basement membrane and a elastic tissue (external elastic lamina)

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20
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle layer, smooth muscle and elastic tissue

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21
Q

Tunica externa

A

Outer layer, mainly elastic and collagen fibres

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22
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

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A

Decrease in the size of the lumen

23
Q

What is vasodilation

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A

Increase in the size of lumen

24
Q

Function of capillaries

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A

Connect arterioles and venules, permit exchange of nutrients and waste between body cells and blood.

25
Area with high metabolic requirements have extensive capillary networks, such as
muscle, liver, kidneys, nervous system and
26
Areas with very low metabolic requirements lack capillaries such as
Cornea and lens of the eyes, nails, hair follicles, cuticles and cartilage
27
What is the structure of capillaries ?
Walls consist of single layer of endothelial cells, precapillary sphincters- rings of smooth muscle at meeting point of capillary to arteriole
28
29
Explain what Capillary refill time is
When an area of skin is pressed firmly with a finger, it turns white (blanches) becuase blood flow through the capillaries under the finger has been obstructed. Normally it should take less then two seconds to refill once the finger is removed and for the skin to turn pink again. A prolonged capillary refill time suggests poor perfusion or dehydration
30
What are two methods of capillary or exchange
Diffusion and bulk flow
31
What affects movement of fluid into and out of capillaries
Hydrostatic pressure, capillary permeability and osmosis
32
What is bull flow ?
A net movement of fluid that occurs from blood to tissues
33
Distribution of extracellular fluid between plasma and interstitial compartments?
-Is in state of dynamic equilibrium -Is a balance between pressure in the tissue fluid and blood plasma
34
Explain hydrostatic pressure?
Is the pressure exerted against the inner capillary wall and promotes formation of tissue fluid, across capillary bed, the hydrostatic preassure quickly drops as the blood moves from the higher preassure arteriole end to the lower preassure venule end NET FILTRATION PREASSURE
35
Explain colloid osmotic pressure
This is the pressure exerted by plasma proteins that promotes fluid reabsorption into circulatory system. It is constant across the capillary bed because the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes does not change from the capillary bed to the other
36
Explain diffusion
Oxygen and nutrients goes down the gradient into the interstitial fluid and then into body cells. Carbon dioxide and waste travels down the gradient from the interstitial fluids into the blood for removal. Of glucose, amino acids and hormones Plasma proteins usually remain in the blood as they are too large to pass through. Exceptions are sinusoids the smallest blood vessels in The liver have very large gaps in between their endothelial cells to allow proteins (fibrinogen, main clotting proteins and albumin) to enter the bloodstream Other areas are very selective~ blood-brain barrier refers to the tightness of endothelial layer found in brain: allows only a few substances to enter and leave
37
Capillaries unite to form ?
Venules (small veins)
38
Venules receive blood from …… and empty is into…..?
Capillaries + veins
39
Veins return blood to the….?
Heart
40
Structure of the venules ?
Little veins, walls thinner at capillary end, thicker as they progress toward the heart
41
Structure of veins
Middle and inner layers thinner than arteries and outer layers are the thickest
42
How to prevent back flow of blood ?
Inner layers forms valves
43
What kind of problems can back flow of blood cause ?
Varicose veins, and weak venous valves
44
How does backflow of blood occur ?
Gravity forces blood backwards through the valve increasing venous blood pressure, increased pressure pushes the veins wall outward, veins receive repeated overloads,walls lose elasticity, stretch and become flabby
45
What is venous return
When Volume of blood flowing back to heart through veins, occurs through pressure generated in three ways such as contractions of the heart, skeletal muscle pump, and respiratory pump
46
47
48
How does blood flow through blood vessels occur
Goes from area of higher pressure to area of lower pressure, greater the pressure difference the greater the blood flow, contractions of the ventricles generate blood pressure (BP)
49
How does blood flow through blood vessels occur
Goes from area of higher pressure to area of lower pressure, greater the pressure difference the greater the blood flow, contractions of the ventricles generate blood pressure (BP)
50
What is blood pressure ?
Measure of pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel, highest in the aorta large systemic arteries
51
What is blood pressure ?
Measure of pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel, highest in the aorta large systemic arteries
52
What does systolic (contraction) refer to ?
Measures maximum arterial pressure occurring during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
53
What does systolic (contraction) refer to ?
Measures maximum arterial pressure occurring during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
54
What does diastolic (relaxin) refer to ?
Measures arterial pressure during the interval between heartbeats

Physiology (3 decks)

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