Blood vessels, Heart, WBCs, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Thymus Flashcards
(236 cards)
1
Q
Acute promyelocytic leukemia gene translocation
A
t (15;17) PML::RARA fusion
2
Q
Chronic myeloid leukemia gene translocation
A
t (9;22) —>BRC:ABL1 fusion (Philadelphia chromosome)
3
Q
Mantle cell lymphoma gene translocation
A
t (11;14) —> Cyclin D overexpression
4
Q
Follicular lymphoma gene translocation
A
t (14;18) —> BCL2 overexpression (anti-apoptotic)
5
Q
Marginal zone lymphoma gene translocation
A
t (11;18) antigen dependent lymphoid proliferation
6
Q
Burkitt’s Lymphoma gene translocation
A
t (8;14) —> MYC overexpression
7
Q
Lymphohistiocytic/popcorn cells
A
Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant HL
8
Q
Least common HL of older men and HIV positive
A
Lymphocyte depleted HL
9
Q
Biphasic age distribution HL
A
Mixed cellularity HL
10
Q
Least favorable prognosis HL
A
Lymphocyte depleted HL
11
Q
Most common HL
A
Nodular sclerosis HL
12
Q
HL with incidence adolescents and young adults, M=F
A
Nodular sclerosis HL
13
Q
Best prognosis HL
Worst prognosis HL
A
Nodular sclerosis HL
Lymphocyte depleted HL
14
Q
Critical atherosclerotic stenosis occurs at ______% vessel occlusion
A
70-75%
15
Q
Common site of involvement of atheromatous plaque
A
LICPIC
Lower abdominal aorta > Iliac arteries > Coronary arteries > Popliteal arteries > ICA > Circle of Willis
16
Q
Disease wherein aneurysms can rupture at small sizes. This is brought about by inc TGF-B signaling due to mutations in TGF-B receptors, SMAD3, and TGF-B3
A
Loeys-Dietz Syndrome
17
Q
Morphology of aortic aneurysm
A
Cystic medial degeneration: formation of areas devoid of elastin resembling cystic spaces
18
Q
Common site of AAA
A
Between renal arteries
Bifurcation of aorta
19
Q
What to suspect in a younger patient with aortic dissection
A
Marfan syndrome
20
Q
Characteristic of chest pain in aortic dissection
A
Sudden knife like anterior chest pain radiating to the back
21
Q
Large vessel vasculitis of adults and common vessels affected
A
Giant cell arteritis
gianTOVAng matanda
Temporal
Ophthalmic
Vertebral
Aorta
*Associated with polymyalgia rheumatica
22
Q
Large vessel vasculitis of young people (<50 yo) and common vessels affected
A
Takayasu arteritis
Takayasu children are still full of CRAP
Coronary arteries
Renal arteries
Aortic Arch
Pulmonary arteries
23
Q
Pulseless disease
A
Takayasu arteritis
24
Q
Infection associated with Polyarteritis nodosa
A
Hepatitis B virus
25
Vessels affected in Polyarteritis nodosa
Wiwi bago kiligin, kain cake bago tae
Kidney > Heart > Liver > GIT
26
Morphology of polyarteritis nodosa
Immune complex mediated
Morphology:
Segmental, transmural necrotizing inflammation
Prominent fibrinoid necrosis
Different age of lesions
*no pulmonary involvement
27
Young child <4 years old with MI, what you gonna think?
Kawasaki disease
*anti-endothelial cell antibodies
Common vessel affected: Coronary arteries
28
Kawasaki dse mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Fever >5 days
Bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection
Oral mucosal changes
Extremity changes
Cervical lymphadenopathy (>1.5 cm)
Polymorphous exanthem
29
A vasculitis with similar morphology with PAN but with SAME AGE OF LESIONS
Microscopic Polyangiitis (Hypersensitivity vasculitis)
*Small vessel vasculitis
*Immune complex mediated, MPO-ANCA
*Associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura
*Kidney and lung vessels
*Leukocystoclasia
30
Classic triad of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Asthma
Eosinophilia
Vasculitis
*Exaggerated allergic response, MPO ANCA
*Morphology same as PAN + extravascular necrotizing granulomas and eosinophils
*Skin, GIT, renal vessels
*FSGS and Cardiac involvement
31
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/Wegener granulomatosis
*Etiopathogenesis
*Common vessels affected
*Clinical features
*T-cell mediated, PR3-ANCA
*Lung, upper airways, Renal vessels
*Pneumonitis, sinusitis, renal dse (FSGS: nephrotic; crescenteric: nephritic)
32
Small vessel vasculitis associated with smoking, and common vessels affected
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)
Vessels of the extremities: Radial, tibial
33
Morphology of Raynaud phenomenon
Fingers and toes affected
Red --> white --> blue (proximal vasodilation, central vasoconstriction, distal cyanosis)
34
Varicose vein statis dermatitis brawny induration is caused by?
cutaneous hemosiderin deposition
35
A sign seen in SVC syndrome
Pemberton sign
*raising of arms bilaterally --> facial plethora
SVC syndrome usually seen on lung carcinoma and mediastinal lymphoma
36
Most common etiology of lymphangitis
Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (S. pyogenes)
37
Brawny induration in lymphatic diseases is due to
hemolysis of extravasated red cells
38
Facial port wine stain along trigeminal nerve distribution
Sturge-Weber syndrome (Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis)
*GNAQ mutations
*Ipsilateral angiomas in cortical leptomeninges, intellectual disability, seizures, hemiplegia
39
Spider telangiectasia is associated with
Hyperestrogenic state
40
Characterized by congenital multiple telangiectasias in skin, mucous membranes, and visceral sites that may rupture and bleed
Osler-Weber-Rendu disease (Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia)
*Autosomal dominant, TGF-B mutations
41
Most common type of hemangioma
Capillary hemangioma
42
Pregnancy granuloma in gingiva of pregnant women, usually with hx of trauma
Lobular capillary hemangioma
43
1/3 of cavernous hemangiomas are found here
Liver
*Cavernous hemangiomas do not spontaneously regress, well-delineated but not encapsulated, may have intravascular thrombosis and dystrophic calcification, locally destructive, cosmetically disfifuring, compresses adjacent tissues, traumatic ulceration and bleeding
44
Etiology of Von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease
Inactivating VHL (Chromosome 3) mutations --> unopposed HIF1-a action --> HIF1-a target gene transcription --> tumor growth
*Hemangioblastomas
*Pheochromocytoma
*Paraganglionomas
*Clear cell Renal cell carcinoma
*Pancreatic serous cystadenomas
*Endolymphatic sac tumor
45
Cavernous lymphangioma (Cystic hygroma) is associated with
Turner syndrome (45XO)
46
Painful subungual small, reddish blue nodule
Glomus tumor
47
Earliest detectable feature of myocyte necrosis
Sarcolemmal membrane disruption (leaking of cardiac biomarkers)
48
Genetic cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Titin truncation
Dystrophin loss
49
Genetic cause of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Sarcomeric protein mutations
50
Ninja-star like nuclei
Dilated cardiomyopathy
51
Banana like configuration of left ventricular activity
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
52
Cardiomyopathy with preserved ejection fraction
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
53
Cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
54
Leading cause of LVH unexplained by other pathologic causes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
55
One of the most common causes of sudden, otherwise unexplained death in young atheletes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
56
Infectious Etiologic agents of myocarditis
Viruses: Coxsackie A and B virus
Protozoan: Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii
Bacteria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, borrelia
Helminth: Trichinella spiralis
57
Most common primary tumor of the adult heart
Myxoma
58
Most common primary tumor of the pediatric heart
Rhabdomyoma
59
Most common site of myxoma
Left atrium
60
Most common site of rhabdomyoma
Ventricles
61
McCune-Albright syndrome
*Features
*gene mutation
Precocious puberty
Cafe au lait spots
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
*GNAS1 mutation
62
Carney syndrome
*Features
*gene mutation
NAME
•Nevi
•Atrial myxoma
•Myxoid neurofibroma
•Ephelides
LAMB
•Lentigines
•Atrial myxoma
•Mucocutaneous myxoma
•Blue nevi
PPKAR1A1 gene
63
Gene mutation in rhabdomyoma
TSC1(hamartin)
TSC2(tuberin)
*loss of function mutations
64
Spider cells
Rhabdomyoma
65
Most frequent sources of cardiac metastasis
LiBre Mo LeLy!
•Lung
•Breast
•Melanoma
•Leukemia
•Lymphoma
66
Postinfarction syndrome
Pericarditis weeks post MI (antibodies against injured pericardium)
Dressler syndrome
67
When does hematopoiesis start in humans?
19 days post fertilization
68
Most active and with highest cellularity among marrow sites in adults
Vertebrae
69
Marker of immature lymphoid process
(+)TdT
70
Most common cancer in children
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
71
Most common cause of death in the 1st 24 hours of MI
Arrythmias
72
Most common cause of death within 3-7 days of MI
Myocardial rupture
*Free wall —> cardiac tamponade
*Interventricular septum —> VSD
*Papillary muscle —> post MI mitral regurgitation
73
Wide QRS complex that follows a short RR interval preceded by a long RR interval; associated with atrial fibrillation
Ashman phenomenon
74
ALL gene translocation
t (12:21) —> ETV6::RUNX1 fusion
75
Auer rods
APML
*needle like cytoplasmic azurophilic granules
76
Faggot cell
APML
Cell with numerous Auer rods
77
Leukemia that is responsive to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
APML
78
Smudge cells
CLL
79
Proliferation centers: Aggregates of large, activated lymphocytes
SLL
80
Transformation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) to Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Richter syndrome
81
82
Sea blue histiocytes
Scattered macrophages with abundant wrinkled, green blue cytoplasm
CML
83
Leukocytosis with varying stages of neutrophil maturation (neutrophils and myelocytes dominant)
CML
84
Mutation in Hairy Cell Leukemia
BRAF V600E
85
Leukemia characterized by a dry tap on BMA
Hairy Cell Leukemia
(Due to marrow fibrosis)
86
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)
Hairy Cell Leukemia
87
Clinical feature of APML
DIC
88
Mutation of Hodgkin Lymphoma
NF-KB activation (transcription factor) —> cellular proliferation and accrual of additional mutations
89
Reed Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin Lymphoma
90
MORPHOLOGY OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA: oval cells with basophilic cytoplasm and perinuclear hof, and eccentrically located nucleus with spokewheel chromatin without nucleolus
Plasma cells
91
Immunoglobulin inclusions in plasma cells of Multiple Myeloma: fiery red cytoplasm
Flame cells
92
Immunoglobulin inclusions in plasma cells of Multiple Myeloma: grape-like cytoplasmic inclusions
Mott cells
93
Immunoglobulin inclusions in plasma cells of Multiple Myeloma: globular cytoplasmic inclusions
Russell bodies
94
Immunoglobulin inclusions in plasma cells of Multiple Myeloma: globular nuclear inclusions
Dutcher bodies
95
Clinical features of Multiple Myeloma
>10% Clonal bone marrow plasma cells
+
myeloma defining events (CRAB)
• hypercalcemia
• renal failure
• Anemia
• Bone lesiond
96
Blood smear of multiple myeloma
(+) Rouleaux formation
97
Serum protein electrophoresis of multiple myeloma
Monoclonal gammopathy (IgG)
98
Bence-Jones proteinuria
Multiple Myeloma
99
Cytogenic abnormalities of Myelodysplastic syndrome
del(5q), del(7q), chromosome 8 gain
100
Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly
MDS: Granulocytic
101
Pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules
MDS: granulocytic
102
Common mutation of Myeloproliferative neoplasms
JAK2 V617F
103
Fibrotic marrow space is converted into bone (Osteosclerosis)
Primary Myelofibrosis
104
Cells that can be seen in primary myelofibrosis due to squeezing from fibrotic marrow
Dacrocytes (teardrop cells)
105
Thymic follicular hyperplasia can be seen in this autoimmune disease
Myasthenia gravis
106
Most common thymic epithelial tumor
Thymoma
(At 5th-6th decades of life)
*With paraneoplastic syndromes (myasthenia gravis & pure red cell aplasia)
107
Most common histology of Thymic carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
*w/ keratin pearls
108
Thickened arterial wall with
homogenous pink, hyaline
material; seen in
hypertension, diabetes
mellitus
Hyaline arteriosclerosis
109
Concentric, laminated
thickening of the arterial wall
composed of smooth muscle
cells with thickened,
reduplicated basement
membrane or “onion-skin
lesion”; seen in severe HTN
Hyperplastic
arteriosclerosis
110
Non-modifiable risk factors
of atherosclerosis
Genetic abnormalities,
family history, increasing
age, male gender
111
Cytokine involved in the
development of aneurysm in
Marfan syndrome
TGF-β
112
Most common site of
abdominal aortic aneurysm
Between renal arteries and
bifurcation of aorta
113
Most common site of aortic
dissection
Ascending aorta within 10
cm of aortic valve
114
A 55-year-old woman
complains of headache
particularly on the temporal
area and blurring of vision.
She is also diagnosed with
polymyalgia rheumatica.
What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Giant cell arteritis or
temporal arteritis
115
Histologic finding observed
in temporal arteritis
Medial granulomatous
inflammation with T cells
and multinucleated giant
cells
116
Immune vasculitis that
occurs in individuals <50
years old characterized by
weakening of pulses in upper
limbs and ocular
disturbances.
Takayasu arteritis or
pulseless disease
117
A 3-year-old male presents
with a 5-day history of fever,
bilateral conjunctivitis, (+)
strawberry tongue, erythema
of the palms and soles,
polymorphous rash and
cervical lymphadenopathy.
Kawasaki disease
118
Most commonly involved
blood vessels in Kawasaki
disease
Coronary arteries
119
Persistent pneumonitis,
chronic sinusitis with saddle
nose deformity,
nasopharyngeal ulcers,
glomerulonephritis, (+) PR3-
ANCA/c-ANCA
Wegener granulomatosis
or granulomatosis with
polyangiitis
120
Large-vessel vasculitides
Takayasu arteritis,
temporal arteritis
121
Medium-vessel vasculitides
Kawasaki disease,
polyarteritis nodosa
122
Small-vessel vasculitides
Churg-Strauss syndrome,
Wegener granulomatosis,
Microscopic polyangiitis
123
Most likely diagnosis in a 60-
year-old heavy smoker who
presents with claudication,
Raynaud phenomenon, and
gangrenous lower extremity
Buerger disease or
thromboangiitis obliterans
124
Exaggerated vasoconstriction
of the fingers and toes in
response to cold or emotion;
secondary type is associated
with SLE, Scleroderma,
Buerger disease
Raynaud phenomenon
125
Most common etiology of
lymphangitis
Group A Beta-Hemolytic
Streptococci (GABHS)
126
Most common vascular
ectasia
Nevus flammeus
(Birthmark)
127
Most common type of
hemangioma
Capillary hemangioma
128
Age at which most cases of
juvenile hemangioma
regresses
7 years old
129
Type of lymphangioma
associated with Turner
syndrome
Cavernous lymphangioma
(Cystic hygroma)
130
Benign tumor from modified
smooth muscle cells of
arteriovenous structures
involved in
thermoregulation; subungual
in location
Glomus tumor
131
Clinical form of Kaposi
sarcoma that is common in
Mediterranean, Middle
Eastern, or Eastern European
descent (especially
Ashkenazi Jews) and has no
HIV association
Classic Kaposi sarcoma
132
Most sensitive and specific
endothelial marker for
angiosarcoma
ERG
133
Most common form of renal
disease in Churg-Strauss
syndrome
Focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis
134
Persistent asthma, allergic
rhinosinusitis, joint pains,
renal disease, eosinophilia,
(+) MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA
Churg-Strauss syndrome or
Eosinophilic
granulomatosis with
polyangiitis
135
Hemosiderin-laden
macrophages in the lungs
seen in long standing leftsided
heart failure
Heart failure cells
136
Hallmark of RSHF
Dependent edema
137
Most common genetic cause
of congenital heart disease
(CHD)
Trisomy 21
138
The phenomenon at which
L→R shunt becomes R→L
(shunt reversal) due to
pulmonary vascular
remodelling
Eisenmenger phenomenon
139
Most common CHD in adults
Atrial septal defect
140
Most common type of ASD
Secundum
141
Most common CHD (overall)
Ventricular septal defect
142
Most common type of VSD
Membranous
143
Most common cyanotic CHD
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
144
Four components of
Tetralogy of Fallot
Large VSD, Right
ventricular outflow tract
obstruction, Aorta
overriding the VSD, Right
ventricular hypertrophy
145
Main determinant of outcome
or prognosis of TOF
Degree of RVOT
obstruction or pulmonic
stenosis
146
A known Turner syndrome
patient presents with lower
extremity cyanosis; CXR: rib
notching
Coarctation of the Aorta
147
Most common cause of
ischemic heart disease
Atherosclerosis of
epicardial coronary
arteries (Coronary artery
disease)
148
Type of angina that occurs
during vasospasm of a
coronary artery
Prinzmetal angina
149
Prolonged chest pain,
unrelieved by rest, normal
cardiac biomarkers
Unstable angina
150
Expected light microscopy
findings 30 minutes to 4
hours post-MI
None or myocardial
waviness
151
Time where early coagulative
necrosis is observed in the
myocardium
12-24 hours
152
Most common cause of death
within 3-7 days post-MI
Myocardial rupture
153
Most common cause of death
within the first 24 hours
post-MI
Arrhythmia
154
Granulation tissue formation
is expected at this time post-
MI
7-10 days
155
Unexpected death from
cardiac causes either without
symptoms, or within 1 to 24
hours of symptom onset
Sudden cardiac death
156
Most common cause of
sudden cardiac death
Coronary artery disease
157
Most common mechanism of
sudden cardiac death
Arrhythmia (asystole or
ventricular fibrillation)
158
Etiology of left-sided
hypertensive heart disease
Systemic Hypertension
159
Minimum Pathologic criteria
of left-sided HHD
Concentric LVH with no
other cardiovascular
pathology AND
History/pathologic
evidence of hypertension
in other organs
160
A 65-year-old hypertensive
patient presents with
dyspnea. PE revealed (+)
early diastolic murmur on 2nd
ICS, right parasternal border,
wide pulse pressure, and (+)
De Musset sign, headbobbing
synchronous with
arterial pulse
Aortic Regurgitation
161
Most common cause of aortic
stenosis
Age-related calcification of
normal or congenital
bicuspid aortic valves
162
Most common cause of mitral
regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
163
Microscoping finding seen in
mitral valve prolapse
Myxomatous degeneration
of spongiosa layer +
Attenuation of collagenous
fibrosa
164
165
Non-suppurative cardiac
sequelae of Group A
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Acute rheumatic fever
(ARF)
166
Streptococcal antigen that
cross-reacts with cardiac selfantigens
M protein
167
Granulomatous cardiac
lesions composed of T cells,
plasma cells, and activated
macrophages in ARF
Aschoff bodies
168
Activated plump
macrophages seen in Aschoff
bodies; also known as
“caterpillar cells” because of
the wavy, slender chromatin
Anitschkow cells
169
Cardinal morphologic
changes in rheumatic heart
disease (RHD)
Leaflet thickening,
commissural fusion and
shortening, and thickening
and fusion of the tendinous
cords
170
Most common cause of mitral
stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
171
Most common valve affected
in rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve
172
Hallmark lesion of infective
endocarditis
Vegetations
173
Microorganism associated
with acute infective
endocarditis in IV drug users
Staphylococcus aureus
174
Most commonly isolated
microorganisms in subacute
infective endocarditis
Viridans Streptococci,
HACEK organisms
(HACEK: Haemophilus spp,
Aggregatibacter spp.,
Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella
corrodens, Kingella spp.)
175
Etiology of carcinoid heart
disease
Bioactive substances (e.g.,
serotonin) produced by
carcinoid tumors in the
setting of massive liver
metastatic burden
176
Affected structures in
carcinoid heart disease
Right heart valves
(Tricuspid), Endocardium
177
Type of endocarditis
associated with SLE
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
178
Pathogenesis of Marantic
endocarditis
Hypercoagulable state
→Thrombosis
179
Type of cardiomyopathy with
reduced ejection fraction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
180
Types of cardiomyopathy
with preserved ejection
fraction
Restrictive
cardiomyopathy,
Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy
181
Most common type of
cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
182
Most common cause of
dilated cardiomyopathy
Genetic
183
Type of cardiomyopathy
associated with alcohol and
iron excess, childbirth,
chronic anemia, and
hyperthyroidism
Dilated cardiomyopathy
184
Left ventricular contractile
dysfunction after extreme
psychological stress
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
(Broken heart syndrome)
185
A young athlete died suddenly
with an unexplained cause of
death. Post-mortem
examination of the heart
showed disproportionate
thickening of the
interventricular septum relative
to the free wall.
Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy
186
Etiology of restrictive
cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic, Amyloidosis,
Sarcoidosis, Radiationinduced
fibrosis, Metastatic
tumors, Storage disease
187
Most common helminthic
cause of myocarditis
Trichinella spiralis
188
Most common cause of
myocarditis in the US
Viruses (Coxsackie A/B,
enteroviruses)
189
A McCune-Albright syndrome
patient presents with fever,
left-sided weakness, dyspnea,
and pulmonary edema. 2Decho
showed a pedunculated
mass in the left atrium. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
Myxoma
190
Most common primary tumor
of the adult heart
Myxoma
191
Most common primary tumor
of the pediatric heart
Rhabdomyoma
192
Beck triad of cardiac
tamponade
↑ jugular venous pressure,
arterial hypotension,
muffled heart sounds
193
Most common type of acute
pericarditis
Fibrinous/Serofibrinous
194
Most common cause of
hemorrhagic pericarditis
Malignant tumor
195
Most common cause of
neutropenia
Drug toxicity
196
Etiopathogenesis of
neutropenia in SLE
Immune destruction
197
Type of leukopenia observed
in advanced HIV
Lymphopenia
198
Increased WBC count ( ≥
50×109/L) in the absence of
myeloproliferative neoplasm
Leukemoid reaction
199
A cytochemical stain used to
differentiate leukemoid
reaction from CML
Leukocyte alkaline
phosphatase (LAP)
(Normal LAP score in leukemoid
reaction; Low in CML)
200
Form of lymphadenitis in a
patient with rheumatoid
arthritis who present with
chronic painless lymph node
enlargement
Follicular hyperplasia
201
Expansion of interfollicular
(T-cell) zones in lymph nodes
during a viral infection
Paracortical hyperplasia
202
A 7-year-old male presents
with pallor, recurrent
infections, and easy bruising.
CBC showed leukocytosis
with elevated bands, anemia,
and thrombocytopenia. What
is the most likely initial
diagnosis?
Leukemia
203
Most common cancer in
children
Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia/lymphoma
204
Immunostain used to identify
immature lymphoid process
Tdt (terminal
deoxynucleotidyl
transferase)
205
A patient presented with the
following results: PBS - (+)
Auer rods, (+) Faggot cells.
Immunostain - (+) MPO
Acute myeloid leukemia
206
Hematologic emergency
associated with acute
promyelocytic leukemia
Disseminated intravascular
coagulation
207
Most common leukemia in
adults in the Western world
Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL)
208
Fragile lymphocytes that are
flattened in the process of
smearing blood of CLL
patients
Smudge cells
209
Transformation of CLL to
Diffuse Large B-cell
Lymphoma
Richter syndrome
210
Etiology of Chronic Myeloid
Leukemia (CML)
t(9;22)→BCR::ABL1 fusion
(Tyrosine kinase)
211
A known CML patient refuses
to undergo treatment. 5 years
later, PBS showed ≥20%
blasts. Which phase is the
patient currently in?
Blast phase
212
Dry tap on bone marrow is
common in this type of
leukemia due to marrow
fibrosis or increased reticulin
fiber deposition;
Immunostain: (+) TRAP
Hairy cell leukemia
213
Cells with Large, multiple
nuclei or single with multiple
lobes; each with nucleolus
(“Owl-eye nucleus”)
Reed-Sternberg cells
214
Reed-Sternberg cells are seen
in which type of lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma
215
Most common Hodgkin
Lymphoma subtype
Nodular sclerosis (NSHL)
216
Least common Hodgkin
Lymphoma subtype but has
the worst prognosis; seen in
HIV patients
Lymphocyte-depleted
(LDHL)
217
Staging system used in the
prognosis of lymphoma
Ann-Arbor stage
218
Type of non-Hodgkin
lymphoma (NHL) associated
with lymphomatous
polyposis of the GI tract
Mantle cell lymphoma
219
Most common form of
indolent NHL
Follicular lymphoma
220
Most common NHL
Diffuse Large B-cell
Lymphoma
221
Type of NHL associated with
chronic inflammatory
disorders such as H. pylori
gastritis, Hashimoto
thyroiditis
Marginal Zone Lymphoma
of Mucosa-Associated
Lymphoid Tissue
(MALToma)
222
Type of NHL with bimodal
distribution. Typical PBS
show starry sky pattern or
sheets of medium-sized
atypical lymphocytes) with
tingible body macrophages
Burkitt Lymphoma
223
Type of lymphocytes elevated
in Multiple Myeloma
Plasma cells
224
Myeloma-defining events
CRAB -HyperCalcemia,
Renal failure, Anemia,
Bone lesions
225
Protein detected in urine of
multiple myeloma patients
Bence-Jones protein
226
Serum protein
electrophoresis finding in
multiple myeloma
Monoclonal gammopathy
(IgG)
227
Hallmark of myelodysplastic
syndromes or defective
hematopoietic maturation
Dysplasia in one or more
myeloid lineages
228
Common mutation in
myeloproliferative
neoplasms
JAK2 V617F mutation
229
Most likely diagnosis in a
patient with facial plethora
(redness). pruritus worsened
by bathing, and elevated Hgb
Polycythemia vera
230
In primary myelofibrosis,
RBCs assume this teardropshaped
poikilocyte due to
squeezing from fibrotic
marrow
Dacryocyte
231
Chronic venous congestion of
the spleen occurs in the
setting of
Liver cirrhosis
232
Thymic disorder seen in
DiGeorge Syndrome
Thymic Aplasia
233
Most common thymic
disorder associated with
myasthenia gravis
Thymic follicular
hyperplasia
234
Most common thymic
epithelial tumor
Thymoma
235
Immune paraneoplastic
syndrome associated with
thymoma
Myasthenia gravis
236
Most common histology of
thymic carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
