Bloody Problems

Question 1

Hereditary Macrothrombocytopenia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

Answer 1

Congenital thrombocytopenia;

Question 2

Cyclic Hematopoiesis in Gray Collie Dogs

Answer 2

Congenital thrombocytopenia;

Question 3

Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia

Answer 3

Congenital thrombocytopenia;

Question 4

Primary Immune-mediated Thrombocytopenia

Answer 4

Acquired thrombocytopenia

Question 5

Rickettsial Diseases

Answer 5

Acquired thrombocytopenia

Question 6

Vaccine-induced Thrombocytopenia

Answer 6

Acquired thrombocytopenia

Question 7

Drug-indiced Thrombocytopenia

Answer 7

Acquired thrombocytopenia

Question 8

Von Willebrands Disease

Answer 8

Congenital Platelet Function Disorders

Question 9

Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome

Answer 9

Congenital Platelet Function Disorders

Question 10

Canine Thrombopathia

Answer 10

Congenital Platelet Function Disorders

Question 11

Bovine Thromopathia

Answer 11

Congenital Platelet Function Disorders

Question 12

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

Answer 12

Congenital Platelet Function Disorders

Question 13

Cutaneous Asthenia

Answer 13

Vascular Disorder

Question 14

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 14

Acquired Vascular Disorders

Question 15

Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 15

Primary or Secondary to neoplasia, infectious agents, drugs, or vaccinations. Immune system developed antibodies to circulating RBCs. Treatment: Preds, Cyclosporine, Azathioprine (contraindicated in cats)

Question 16

Alloimmune Hemopysis (Neonatal Isoerythrolysis )

Answer 16

IMHA of newborn horses (especially thoroughbreds), mules, cattle, pigs, cats, and rarely dogs. Caused by ingestion of maternal colostrum containing antibodies to one of the neonate’s blood group antigens (previous pregnancy, untyped transfusion, and Babes and Anaplasma vaccines in cattle). Type B cats have naturally occurring antibodies to type A blood.

Question 17

Microangiopathic Hemolysis

Answer 17

RBC damage secondary to turbulent flow through abnormal vessels. Secondary to heart worms, vascular tumors, splenic torsion, DIC, EIA in horses, African Swine Fever an Chronic Classical Swine Fever.

Question 18

Metabolic causes of Hemolysis

Answer 18

Hypophosphatemia in cattle, sheep and goats 2-6 weeks postpartum, or with diabetes mellitus, hepatic lipidosis and referring syndrome in cats and dogs.

Question 19

Pyruvate Kinase deficiency Hemolysis

Answer 19

Basenjis, Beagles, West Highland Terriers, Cairn Terriers, and other breeds, as well as Abyssinian and Somali cats.

Question 20

Phosphofructokinase deficiency

Answer 20

English Springer Spaniels - leads to shortened RBC life span and regenerative anemia. Hemolytic crisis is set off by alkalosis secondary to excessive excitement or exercise.

Question 21

Porphyria

Answer 21

Hereditary hemoglobinopathy described in cattle, cats and pigs. Most prevalent in holstein cattle. Affected calves fail to thrive and are photosensitive. Teeth of affected animals fluoresce under ultraviolet light.

Question 22

Non-regenerative anemias

Answer 22

Nutritional, chronic disease, renal disease, and primary bone marrow disease

Question 23

Anaplasmosis

Answer 23

“gall sickness” domestic and wild ruminants, tropical and sub-tropical regions. Invade bloods cells (other than erythrocytes) of their mammalian hosts. Bovine anaplasmosis economically significant.

Question 24

Bovine Anaplasmosis

Answer 24

A marginale - 17 different tick vectors, calves more resistant than older cattle. Seriously when mature cattle with no previous exposure are exposed. Can relapse with decreased immunity. Progressive anemia due to extravascular destruction of infected and non-infected erythrocytes. PM - anemic and jaundiced. Treatment: tetracycline antibiotics and imidocarb

Question 25

Babesiosis

Answer 25

Transmitted by ticks (Rhipicephalus spp.), economically important in cattle. Calves have a degree of immunity, developed immunity. PM: enlarged friable spleen, swollen liver, large gallbladder containing thick granular bile, congested dark kidneys, general anemia and jaundice. Treatment: Diminasene acetate and Imidocarb dipropionate. Zoonotic risk.

Question 26

Cytoauxzoonosis

Answer 26

Emerging, life threatening disease of domestic cats. Cytauxzoon felis of the family Theileriidae transmitted by the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum). Bobcat is the natural host. Occurred in cats despite routine tick prevention applications - collar best prevention method.

Question 27

Hemotropic Mycoplasmas

Answer 27

Dog - M haemocanis; Cat - M haemofelis; Pig - M suis or parvum; Cattle - M wenyonii; sheep and goats - M ovis; llamas and alpacas - M haemolamae. Transmitted by blood transfusions or contaminated needles or arthropod vectors. Causes hemolytic anemia w/ large range in severity (more severe in animals that have been splenectomized). Extravascular - regenerative anemia. Can detect in Wright-stained blood smear. Treat with tetracyclines. Generally, species-specific - may infect immunocompromised people.

Question 28

Feline Infectious Anemia

Answer 28

Caused by hemotropic mycoplamosis, primarily in outdoor male cats. Diagnose from blood PCR.

Question 29

Old World Hepatozooniosis

Answer 29

Disease of wild and domestic carnivores, caused by Hepatozoon canis. Transmitted by brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus).

Question 30

American Canine Hepatozooniosis

Answer 30

a