BLS Resuscitation Ch. 11

Question 1

What are the ABCs that care focuses on

Answer 1

Airway (obstruction), breathing (respiratory arrest), and circulation (cardiac arrest or severe bleeding)

Question 2

If what is suspected what should the order of the ABCs become and why

Answer 2

Cardiac arrest and the order should be CAB because chest compressions are essential and must be started as quickly as possible

Question 3

Permanent brain damage is possible if the brain is without oxygen for how long? And when is brain damage likely

Answer 3

Possible after 4-6 minutes and likely after 6

Question 4

CPR stands for

Answer 4

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Question 5

What are the steps for CPR

Answer 5

1. Restore circulation by means of chest compressions to circulate blood through the body
2. After performing 30 high-quality compressions at least 2” deep in an adult and at the rate of at least 100 per min, open the airway with the jaw thrust or head tilt chin lift maneuver
3. Restore breathing by means of rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth), (mouth to nose), (or use of mechanical ventilation devices)

Question 6

When is CPR used and why

Answer 6

To establish artificial ventilation and circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse

Question 7

What are the 5 links in the chain of survival

Answer 7

Early access
Early CPR
Early defibrillation
Early advanced care
Integrated post-arrest care

Question 8

Sudden cardiac rhythm disturbance

Answer 8

Arrhythmia

Question 9

Normal heart rhythm is known as a

Answer 9

Normal sinus rhythm

Question 10

What is the disorganized twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest

Answer 10

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 11

What is a rapid contraction of the ventricles that does not allow for normal filling

Answer 11

Ventricular tachycardia

Question 12

AED stands for

Answer 12

Automated external defibrillator

Question 13

Cardiac arrest in children is usually the result of what

Answer 13

Respiratory failure

Question 14

How many cycles of CPR should be performed prior to delivering shocks with an AED

Answer 14

5 cycles

Question 15

If the child is between 1 month and 1 year (an infant) and is in suspected cardiac arrest what should you do?

Answer 15

Call for paramedic backup (a manual defibrillator is referred to an AED)

Question 16

How to access the needs for BLS

Answer 16

1. Is the scene safe
2. How many patients are there
3. What is my initial impression of the patients
4. Are there bystanders who may have additional info
5. What is the mechanism of injury or nature of illness
6. Do I suspect trauma
7. Does the dispatch info match what I am seeing

Question 17

If the patient does not respond to verbal or physical stimulation he or she is

Answer 17

Unconscious

Question 18

A child is a person between what years

Answer 18

1-the onset of puberty so 12-14

Question 19

SIDS stands for

Answer 19

Sudden infant death syndrome

Question 20

How do you find the carotid artery

Answer 20

Locate the larynx at the front of the deck and then slide two fingers toward one side (the side closest to you) apply light pressure and check for at least 5 sec but no more than 10 sec

Question 21

If a patient has a pulse but is not breathing what should you do

Answer 21

Provide reduce breaths at a rate of 10-12 breaths/min or one every 5-6 secs for an adult and 3-5 for an infant or child

Question 22

When external chest compressions are performed as proficiently as possible they still circulate __________________________

Answer 22

Only one third of the blood that is normally pumped by the heart

Question 23

How to perform chest compressions properly

Answer 23

1. Place hand on the sternum in the center of the chest
2. Arms straights, elbows locked, position shoulders directly over hands
3. Depress sternum at least 2” (in adults) and rise gently upward to allow the chest to return to normal position but do not remove the heel of your hand from the chest
4. Most be smooth, rhythmic and uninterrupted

Question 24

What maneuver is used for patients with no indication of spinal injury

Answer 24

Head tilt-chin lift maneuver

Question 25

If spinal injury is suspected how may you open the airway

Answer 25

Jaw-thrust maneuver

Question 26

How to perform reduce breathing in an adult

Answer 26

1. Open airway 2. Press on forehead to maintain backward tilt of the head. Pinch nostrils together with thumb and index finger 3. Depress lower lip with the thumb of the hand that is lifting the chin 4. Open patients mouth widely and place barrier device over the mouth and nose 5. Take a deep breath and make a tight seal with your mouth around the device. Give 2 slow breaths each lasting 1 sec 6. Remove mouth and watch for movement of patients chest

Question 27

How to open airway with suspected neck or spine injury

Answer 27

Use jaw-thrust maneuver and keep patients mouth open with both thumbs as you move from above the patients head to the side. Seal nose by placing your cheek against the patients nostrils

Question 28

Artificial ventilation may result in the stomach becoming filled with air, a condition called

Answer 28

Gastric distention (occurs more easily in children)

Question 29

How is gastric distention likely to occur

Answer 29

By ventilating too fast or with too much pressure as you ventilate

Question 30

What is a valve device placed between the endotracheal tube and a bag mask device which is designed to limit air entering the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions

Answer 30

Impedance threshold device (ITD)

Question 31

Device that depresses the sternum via a compressed gas-powered plunger mounted on a backboard

Answer 31

Mechanical piston device

Question 32

Circumferential chest compression device composed of a constricting band and backboard

Answer 32

Load-distributing band (LDB)

Question 33

In most cases, cardiac arrest in infants and children _____ respiratory arrest

Answer 33

Follows

Question 34

For infant and child CPR what should you focus on first?

Answer 34

Opening an airway and providing artificial ventilation

Question 35

Pediatric BLS 4 steps:

Answer 35

1. Determining responsiveness 2. Circulation 3. Airway 4. Breathing

Question 36

Where is the brachial artery located

Answer 36

Inner side of the arm midway between the elbow and shoulder. Use with infants

Question 37

CPR on an infant

Answer 37

1. Position on a flat surface while maintaining the airway with hand 2. Imagine line drawn between the nipples. Place 2 fingers in the middle of the sternum just below the nipple line 3. Compress sternum approx 1.5" in most infants or 1/3 anterior-posterior diameter of the chest 4. Coordinate rapid compressions and ventilations at 30:2 working alone, and 15:2 working with a partner

Question 38

CPR on a child

Answer 38

1. Place child on a firm surface 2. Place hand(s) in center of chest in between the nipples. Avoid over the lower tip of the sternum, which is the xiphoid process 3. Compress chest at least 1/3 of anterior-posterior diameter of the chest approx 2" 4. 30:2 ratio for single 15:2 for double 5. After 5 cycles (about 2 min) assess for signs of breathing or a pulse. If there is no pulse apply an AED

Question 39

Obvious sign of death that involves discoloration of the skin caused by pooling of blood

Answer 39

Dependent lividity (livor mortis)

Question 40

Stiffening of the body after death

Answer 40

Rigor mortis

Question 41

When to stop BLS

Answer 41

S: the patient STARTS breathing and has a pulse T: the patient is TRANSFERRED to another person who is trained in BLS or ALS O: you are OUT of strength or too tired to continue (literally) P: a PHYSICIAN who is present or providing online medical direction assumes responsibility for the patient and gives direction to discontinue CPR

Question 42

Noninvasive emergency lifesaving care that is used to treat medical conditions

Answer 42

Basic life support (BLS)