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EMT > BLS Resuscitation Ch. 11 > Flashcards

BLS Resuscitation Ch. 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ABCs that care focuses on

A

Airway (obstruction), breathing (respiratory arrest), and circulation (cardiac arrest or severe bleeding)

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2
Q

If what is suspected what should the order of the ABCs become and why

A

Cardiac arrest and the order should be CAB because chest compressions are essential and must be started as quickly as possible

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3
Q

Permanent brain damage is possible if the brain is without oxygen for how long? And when is brain damage likely

A

Possible after 4-6 minutes and likely after 6

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4
Q

CPR stands for

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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5
Q

What are the steps for CPR

A
  1. Restore circulation by means of chest compressions to circulate blood through the body
  2. After performing 30 high-quality compressions at least 2” deep in an adult and at the rate of at least 100 per min, open the airway with the jaw thrust or head tilt chin lift maneuver
  3. Restore breathing by means of rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth), (mouth to nose), (or use of mechanical ventilation devices)
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6
Q

When is CPR used and why

A

To establish artificial ventilation and circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse

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7
Q

What are the 5 links in the chain of survival

A 
Early access
Early CPR
Early defibrillation
Early advanced care
Integrated post-arrest care
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8
Q

Sudden cardiac rhythm disturbance

A

Arrhythmia

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9
Q

Normal heart rhythm is known as a

A

Normal sinus rhythm

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10
Q

What is the disorganized twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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11
Q

What is a rapid contraction of the ventricles that does not allow for normal filling

A

Ventricular tachycardia

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12
Q

AED stands for

A

Automated external defibrillator

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13
Q

Cardiac arrest in children is usually the result of what

A

Respiratory failure

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14
Q

How many cycles of CPR should be performed prior to delivering shocks with an AED

A

5 cycles

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15
Q

If the child is between 1 month and 1 year (an infant) and is in suspected cardiac arrest what should you do?

A

Call for paramedic backup (a manual defibrillator is referred to an AED)

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16
Q

How to access the needs for BLS

A
  1. Is the scene safe
  2. How many patients are there
  3. What is my initial impression of the patients
  4. Are there bystanders who may have additional info
  5. What is the mechanism of injury or nature of illness
  6. Do I suspect trauma
  7. Does the dispatch info match what I am seeing
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17
Q

If the patient does not respond to verbal or physical stimulation he or she is

A

Unconscious

18
Q

A child is a person between what years

A

1-the onset of puberty so 12-14

19
Q

SIDS stands for

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

20
Q

How do you find the carotid artery

A

Locate the larynx at the front of the deck and then slide two fingers toward one side (the side closest to you) apply light pressure and check for at least 5 sec but no more than 10 sec

21
Q

If a patient has a pulse but is not breathing what should you do

A

Provide reduce breaths at a rate of 10-12 breaths/min or one every 5-6 secs for an adult and 3-5 for an infant or child

22
Q

When external chest compressions are performed as proficiently as possible they still circulate __________________________

A

Only one third of the blood that is normally pumped by the heart

23
Q

How to perform chest compressions properly

A
  1. Place hand on the sternum in the center of the chest
  2. Arms straights, elbows locked, position shoulders directly over hands
  3. Depress sternum at least 2” (in adults) and rise gently upward to allow the chest to return to normal position but do not remove the heel of your hand from the chest
  4. Most be smooth, rhythmic and uninterrupted
24
Q

What maneuver is used for patients with no indication of spinal injury

A

Head tilt-chin lift maneuver

25
Q

If spinal injury is suspected how may you open the airway

A

Jaw-thrust maneuver

26
Q

How to perform reduce breathing in an adult

A
  1. Open airway
  2. Press on forehead to maintain backward tilt of the head. Pinch nostrils together with thumb and index finger
  3. Depress lower lip with the thumb of the hand that is lifting the chin
  4. Open patients mouth widely and place barrier device over the mouth and nose
  5. Take a deep breath and make a tight seal with your mouth around the device. Give 2 slow breaths each lasting 1 sec
  6. Remove mouth and watch for movement of patients chest
27
Q

How to open airway with suspected neck or spine injury

A

Use jaw-thrust maneuver and keep patients mouth open with both thumbs as you move from above the patients head to the side. Seal nose by placing your cheek against the patients nostrils

28
Q

Artificial ventilation may result in the stomach becoming filled with air, a condition called

A

Gastric distention (occurs more easily in children)

29
Q

How is gastric distention likely to occur

A

By ventilating too fast or with too much pressure as you ventilate

30
Q

What is a valve device placed between the endotracheal tube and a bag mask device which is designed to limit air entering the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions

A

Impedance threshold device (ITD)

31
Q

Device that depresses the sternum via a compressed gas-powered plunger mounted on a backboard

A

Mechanical piston device

32
Q

Circumferential chest compression device composed of a constricting band and backboard

A

Load-distributing band (LDB)

33
Q

In most cases, cardiac arrest in infants and children _____ respiratory arrest

A

Follows

34
Q

For infant and child CPR what should you focus on first?

A

Opening an airway and providing artificial ventilation

35
Q

Pediatric BLS 4 steps:

A
  1. Determining responsiveness
  2. Circulation
  3. Airway
  4. Breathing
36
Q

Where is the brachial artery located

A

Inner side of the arm midway between the elbow and shoulder. Use with infants

37
Q

CPR on an infant

A
  1. Position on a flat surface while maintaining the airway with hand
  2. Imagine line drawn between the nipples. Place 2 fingers in the middle of the sternum just below the nipple line
  3. Compress sternum approx 1.5” in most infants or 1/3 anterior-posterior diameter of the chest
  4. Coordinate rapid compressions and ventilations at 30:2 working alone, and 15:2 working with a partner
38
Q

CPR on a child

A
  1. Place child on a firm surface
  2. Place hand(s) in center of chest in between the nipples. Avoid over the lower tip of the sternum, which is the xiphoid process
  3. Compress chest at least 1/3 of anterior-posterior diameter of the chest approx 2”
  4. 30:2 ratio for single 15:2 for double
  5. After 5 cycles (about 2 min) assess for signs of breathing or a pulse. If there is no pulse apply an AED
39
Q

Obvious sign of death that involves discoloration of the skin caused by pooling of blood

A

Dependent lividity (livor mortis)

40
Q

Stiffening of the body after death

A

Rigor mortis

41
Q

When to stop BLS

A

S: the patient STARTS breathing and has a pulse
T: the patient is TRANSFERRED to another person who is trained in BLS or ALS
O: you are OUT of strength or too tired to continue (literally)
P: a PHYSICIAN who is present or providing online medical direction assumes responsibility for the patient and gives direction to discontinue CPR

42
Q

Noninvasive emergency lifesaving care that is used to treat medical conditions

A

Basic life support (BLS)

EMT (6 decks)

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