The Human Body Ch. 5 Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Patient is standing facing you, arms at side, with palms of the hands forward
A
Anatomic position
2
Q
Coronal plane of the body
A
Front and back
3
Q
Transverse
A
Top and bottom
4
Q
Superficial landmarks of the body
A
Topographic anatomy
5
Q
Sagittal (lateral) plane
A
Left and right
6
Q
Midsagittal plane (midline)
A
Left and right-equal halves
7
Q
Front surface of body
A
Anterior (ventral)
8
Q
Back surface of the patient
A
Posterior (dorsal)
9
Q
Right and left directional term
A
Right and left
10
Q
Closest to the head
A
Superior
11
Q
Closest to the feet
A
Inferior
12
Q
Closest to the point of attachment
A
Proximal
13
Q
Farthest away from point of attachment
A
Distal
14
Q
Closest to the midline
A
Medial
15
Q
Farthest from the midline
A
Lateral
16
Q
Closest to the surface of the skin
A
Superficial
17
Q
Farthest from the surface of the skin
A
Deep
18
Q
Bending of a joint
A
Flexion
19
Q
Straightening of a joint
A
Extension
20
Q
Motion toward the midline
A
Adduction
21
Q
Motion away from the midline
A
Abduction
22
Q
Body part that appears on both sides of the midline is
A
Bilateral
23
Q
Way to describe the sections of the abdominal cavity is by
A
Quadrants
24
Q
What are the four quadrants that make up the abdomen
A
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
25
Lying face down
Prone
26
Lying face up
Supine
27
Sitting up with knees bent
Fowler's Position
28
Supine on an incline with feet higher than their head to keep blood in the core of their body and increase blood flow to the brain
*Have feet 6-12 inches higher than the head*
Shock position (modified Trendelenburg's position)
29
Lying on either side of body
Recovery position
30
Connects bone to bone
Ligament
31
Connects muscles to bones
Tendons
32
Soft, semi-flexible material found within joints
Cartilage
33
What are enclosed in the thorax
Heart, lungs, and great vessels
34
How many bones are in the body
206
35
Large opening at the base of the skull
Foramen magnum
36
What protects the brain and the facial bones
Cranium
37
How many bones compose the face
14
38
Sections of the spine
Vertebrae
39
How many vertebraes are there
33
40
What forms the neck and how many are there
Cervical spine and 7 vertebrae
41
Which part of the spine attaches to the ribs
Thoracic spine 12 of them
42
What comes after the thoracic spine
Lumbar spine 5 of them
43
What vertebrae are fused together
The five sacral vertebrae which form into one bone called the sacrum. Help to form the pelvis
44
Last vertebrae
Coccyx which are the last four vertebrae that forms the coccyx or tailbone
45
The chest is also known as the
Thoracic cavity
46
The thoracic cavity contains the
Heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels the aorta and two venae cavae
47
Bone in arm that lies on the lateral or thumb side of the forearm
Radius
48
Bone in the arm that is on the medial or little finger side
Ulna
49
Supporting bone of the arm
Humerus
50
Longest and strongest bone in the body
Femur (thigh bone)
51
Where does the femur connect into the acetabulum (pelvic girdle)
Femoral head
52
Projection on the lateral/superior portion of the femur is called the
Greater trochanter
53
Projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur is called the
Lesser trochanter
54
Projections which are anchor points where the major muscles of the thigh connect to the femur
Greater and lesser trochanter
55
Anterior to the knee is the bone called the
Patella
56
Larger bone that lies anterior of the leg
Tibia (shin bone)
57
Bone that lies lateral to the side of the leg
Fibula
58
Wherever two long bones come in contact a what is formed
Joint (articulation)
59
What type of muscle is found within blood vessels and intestines
Smooth muscle
60
What type of muscle is found within the heart
Cardiac muscle
61
Two muscle names that are associated and allow movement
Skeletal muscle and voluntary muscle because all skeletal muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be stimulated to contract or relax at will
62
Muscle of the upper arm which is located anterior of the humerus
Bicep
63
Muscle in the arm which is posterior to humerus
Tricep
64
What structures are included that contribute to respiration
Nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and diaphragm
65
Two passageways that are located at the bottoms of the pharynx
The esophagus which is behind and the trachea (windpipe) in front
66
Protecting the opening of the trachea is a thin, leaf-shaped valve called the
Epiglottis
67
What is easily seen in the middle of the front of the neck
Adam's Apple or thyroid cartilage
68
What is immediately below the thyroid cartilage and is the location used for the Sellick maneuver to help maintain a proper airway
Cricoid cartilage
69
Depression that can be fall in the midline of the neck just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the
Cricothyroid membrane
70
How many lobes are in each lung
3 on the right. Upper middle and lower
| 2 on the left. Upper and lower
71
The bronchioles end in about 700 million tiny grapelike sacs called
Alveoli
72
Covering each lung is a layer of very smooth tissue called
Pleura
73
Between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura is the
Pleural space
74
What is the primary muscle that is is involved in making the lungs expand and contract and how is it unique
The diaphragm and it has the characteristics of voluntary (skeletal) and involuntary (smooth) muscles
75
For the most part, what type of muscle does the diaphragm behave like
Involuntary muscle
76
Simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment
Ventilation
77
Process of gas exchange
Respiration
78
Passive process in which molecules move from an area with a higher concentration of molecules to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
79
How much oxygen does exhaled air contain
16%
80
"Backup system" to control respiration is called the
Hypoxic drive
81
The circulatory system is a complex arrangement of connected tubes including
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
82
Blue skin
Cyanotic
83
Occasional gasping breaths
Agonal gasps
84
Normal respiratory rate range for adults
12-20 breaths/min
85
Normal respiratory rate range for children
15-30
86
Normal respiratory rate range for infants
25-50
87
The heart is made of specialized muscle tissue called cardiac muscle or
Myocardium
88
Upper chamber of heart
Atrium
89
Lower chamber of heart
Ventricle
90
The left side of the heart supplies blood to where
To the body and is a high pressure pump
91
The right side of the heart supplies blood where
To the lungs and is a low pressure pump
92
Amount of blood moved in one beat is called the
Stroke volume
93
Amount of blood moved in one minute is called the
Cardiac output
94
Cardiac output is equal to what
HR x SV
95
What carries freshly oxygenated blood to the body
Aorta
