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0
Q

The Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Document signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494 which decided how Columbus’ discoveries of the new World would be divided.

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1
Q

Roanoke

A
  • First English settlement in North America.

- established by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1585.

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2
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

Religious movement against Catholic Church that came about as a result of Martin Luther, who published his 95 Theses in 1517. Theses protested Catholic Church. Theses promoted that faith was enough to gain salvation.

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3
Q

Mayflower Compact

A
  • Agreement drafted while pilgrims were sailing toward the new world.
  • set up secular body to administer leadership across colony.
  • this document had concepts of the separation of church and state and the rule of majority.
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4
Q

Bacons Rebellion

A

Event/mob that occurred in 1676 defeating Sir William Berkely’s forces, setting fire to Jamestown.
This event led to an increase in demand for black slaves.

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5
Q

Holy Experiment

A

Project established by William Penn which wanted to establish a liberal state.
Quakers were lured to PA by the promise of land, religious freedom, and democracy

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6
Q

Quakers

A
  • small group of dissenters that believed that the power of god was in the soul of the individual.
  • ordered to leave Massachusetts Bay Colony.
  • several joined William Penn in the founding of PA.
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7
Q

John Winthrop

A

Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Proclaimed that Boston would be a “city upon a hill” for the Christian world to see.

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8
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

A woman non-Puritan who believed that God’s chosen people were either predestined for heaven or not, meaning people did not have to obey God’s laws.

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9
Q

Roger Williams

A

Minister from Salem who believed that the colonists had no right to live on land that had been taken from the native Americans. When he was ordered out of Massachusetts Bay Colony, he and his followers traveled to establish a settlement that is now called Rhode Island c

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10
Q

The Albany Plan of Union

A

This plan was constructed by the Albany Congress to call for a confederation of colonies to provide for defense from attack by native foes during French and Indian war. (Rejected by colonists.)

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11
Q

John Calvin

A

This man established Calvinism (promoting the idea that God has supreme power and that humans are predestined to enter heaven of hell.)

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12
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

This Document signed by King George III in 1763 set a line that didn’t allow American colonists to settle west of the Appalachians.

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13
Q

Quartering act

A

This act of 1765 required colonial citizens to provide room and board for British soldiers stationed in the colonies. (Loosely enforced)

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14
Q

Stamp Act

A

The act of 1765 required that all paper was to have a stamp affixed, signifying tax has been paid. (First direct tax).
Prime minister George Grenville of Britain thought this was fair.

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15
Q

Declaratory act

A

When the stamp act was repealed this act replaced it, which maintained the right of the crown to tax the colonies in the future.

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16
Q

Townsend Acts

A

1767

These acts put harsh taxes on just about everything, like glass, paper, and tea.

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17
Q

Massachusetts Circular Letter

A

Letter written by Samuel Adams in 1768 that explained that there was no distinction between external and internal taxes, and that Townsend acts must be repealed.

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18
Q

Tea act

A

This act, passéd In 1773 lowered the price of tea.

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19
Q

Sugar acts

A

Acts of 1764 that raised the previous amount of money demanded on sweeteners (molasses and sugar) from the older molasses act of 1733.

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20
Q

William and Mary

A

This couple was appointed by Parliament as successors of King James II.

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21
Q

Coercive Acts

A

1773
Acts that closed the Boston harbor until the tea ruined during the Boston tea party was paid for, revoking the charter of Massachusetts.

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22
Q

Quebec Act

A

This act (AKA INTOLERABLE ACTS OF 1774) allowed the former French region to be self sufficient and expanded its borders, taking away Ohio river valley from colonists.

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23
Q

Intolerable acts

A

These acts, (AKA QUEBEC ACT OF 1774) allowed the former French region to be self sufficient and expanded its borders, taking away Ohio river valley from colonists

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24
Tories
The name given to colonists who sided with British. (AKA loyalists)
25
Salutary neglect
This practice meant that British would protect the colonies and provide trade opportunities. This helped colonists develop systems of governance, economic networks, and ideologies.
26
Writs of assistance
These documents allowed customs officials to search colonial homes, businesses, and warehouses for smuggled goods without a warrant from a judge.
27
Thomas Paine
In 1776, this man published a pamphlet named "Common Sense" which justified rebellion against Britain.
28
Daniel Shays
This man, along with Massachusetts farmers, rose up during the summer of 1786 and demanded restitution and tax relief.
29
James Madison
This man, along with Alexander Hamilton, secured another convention in Philadelphia to revise the articles of confederation.
30
Alexander Hamilton
This man, along with James Madison, secured another convention in Philadelphia to revise the articles of confederation.
31
First Continental Congress
This meeting of representatives from 12 colonies took place in Philadelphia in 1774. The group met to discuss the intolerable acts. -here they sent the "Declaration of Rights and Grievances" to the king to correct wrongs.
32
Patriots
This is the name given to colonists who fought for independence from the British.
33
Loyalists
The name given to colonists who sided with British. (AKA Tories)
34
Battle of Saratoga
1777 This battle was fought by General Benedict Arnold and Gen. Horatio Gates. -most important battle of the American revolution.
35
Shay's Rebellion
1786 An uprising fought by Daniel Shays and a band of Massachusetts farmers. These rebels demanded restitution and tax relief.
36
Constitutional Convention
This meeting took place in Philadelphia in 1787, and was meant to repair the existing Articles of Confederation. But, this meeting resulted in the creation of a new government and United States Constitution.
37
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
Document sent to King George III by first continental congress in 1774. This urged him to correct the wrongs incurred by the colonists.
38
Declaration of the causes and necessities of taking arms
This document, drawn up by Second Continental congress in 1775, urged King George III a second time to consider colonial grievances.
39
Olive Branch Petition
This document sent by second continental congress to Britain in July 1775, was a last gesture of peace and preventative measure against total war.
40
Common Sense
Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine which used John Locke's natural rights philosophy to justify that the citizens of the colonies were obligated to rebel against Britain.
41
Declaration of Independence
This document was to declare independence from Britain, drafted by Thomas Jefferson and 4 other delegates. Jefferson listed 27 grievances and charges of wrongdoing directed at the crown and parliament. THIS WAS THE OFFICIAL BREAK OF THE COLONIES AND ENGLAND.
42
Treaty of Paris
This treaty was signed in 1783 and was a peace settlement that ended the American revolution. The treaty included a formal recognition of the US as a country. Americans agreed to repay debt to British merchants and promised not to punish loyalists.
43
Articles of Confederation
This document was created by the 2nd continental congress and sent to the states in 1777. It provided for a central government with one legislative branch which could wage war, make treaties, and borrow money to pay debts.
44
The land ordinance of 1785
This ordinance required new townships to set aside land for public education and demanded that the sale of public lands would be used to pay off the national debt.
45
The northwest ordinance of 1787
This ordinance established guidelines for attaining statehood. If accepted by congress, the new state would have equal status with the other states. -banned slavery north of Ohio river
46
Lord Baltimore
This man received a portion of Virginia colony from King Charles I. He was to create a haven for Catholics and turn a profit to the crown. He died before he could do that... Do his son took over and established the colony of Maryland.
47
Virginia Company
This company was established in 1607. It was led by John smith. -the company gave settlers a charter that guaranteed them the same rights as their fellow citizens in the old world.
48
Puritans
This group in England protested against the similarities between the Anglican Church and Catholic Church. (They were encouraged by the teachings of John Calvin.) -the group sought to purify the Anglican Church.
49
New England confederation
The New England colonies formed this organization in 1643 to provide collective security from attack by surrounding Native American tribes.
50
Separatists.
Another name for puritans who felt that they needed to abandon the Church of England. -group more commonly known as pilgrims set out on the mayflower.
51
Nonseparatists.
Another name for the puritans who arrived in New England in 1629 due to oppression and persecution by the English crown. -believed they must remain with the Church of England to reform it.
52
The great migration
This occurred when large numbers of Puritan families ventured across the Atlantic, seeking religious freedom.
53
Halfway covenant
This agreement was established in 1662 and gave non converted puritans partial membership in the church. Reasoning- many young puritans in Massachusetts were not full members of the Congregational church and could not be baptized, looking membership.
54
Dominion of New England
This method of control was established by king James II in 1686. It aimed at bringing New England colonies under stricter royal control. The colonies existed on the economic benefit of England. Navigation laws were instituted by parliament. The colonies reacted with rebellion.
55
Act of Toleration
Passed in 1649 This act was a result of Lord Baltimore's efforts in persuading the legislative assembly. It ensured religious freedom in Maryland for all Christians.
56
Fundamental Orders.
This was the "first constitution" in colonial America. It was drafted in 1639 by citizens of Connecticut. The document called for the power of government to be derived from the governed.
57
Jonathan Edwards
This New light preacher is credited for starting the great awakening by giving sermons. His most famous sermon was titled, "Sinners in the hands of an angry god."
58
Pueblo Revolt
This event occurred on August 10, 1680in modern-day Santa Fe, New Mexico and was the most successful uprising against Spanish authority in the new world.
59
Glorious Revolution
This event occurred in 1688 when Parliament overthrew King James II and replaced him with his daughter and husband.
60
Salem
In 1692, this city in Massachusetts was the site of mass hysteria relating to witchcraft.
61
New Light preachers
These preachers crisscrossed the colonies speaking to large crowds about "fire and brimstone" eternity all sinners would face if they did not absolve their sins publicity.
62
Triangular Trade
This network worked like this: New England colonies provided timber, fish, and manufactured goods to Caribbean islands in exchange for molasses that would be used to make rum in New England. The rum would make its way to Africa in exchange for slaves. Slaves would make their way to the colonies
63
"Sinners in the hands of an angry god"
Sermon given by Jonathan Edwards, the new light preacher, who said that only those who obeyed God would be free from damnation
64
Stratification
Social structure of the English colonies about rich and poor.
65
The Church Of England
AKA the Anglican Church. This church was founded by King Henry VIII in 1534 because he broke away from the Catholic Church to create this.
66
Mercantilism
This concept showed that the colonies existed to provide raw materials and as a market of consumers for the mother country.
67
John Rolfe
An influential leader of the Jamestown colony who introduced tobacco to Virginian farmers.
68
Head right system
This system was established in Chesapeake to deal with labor shortages due to disease and low birth rates. (A landowner would pay the passage from England for an indentured servant and get 50 acres of land in return.)
69
Benjamin Franklin
This man helped the Albany congress construct the albany plan of union. He also used his newspaper, the Pennsylvania gazette, yo encourage colonists to support the union plan with his political cartoon, "Join or die"
70
John Locke
This Brit philosopher created a theory of natural rights that challenged the absolute and divine rule of kings and queens saying all men should be ruled by natural laws
71
Stamp act congress
This body (9/13 colonies) sent word to England that only colonial legislatures had the authority to tax the colonists.
72
Sons and daughters of liberty
This group led by Sam adams intimidated tax collectors by attacking their homes, burning them, and tarring and feathering them.
73
Sir William Berkeley
As governor of Virginia colony, he enraged poor farmers by remaining friendly with native Americans and failing to protect the land.
74
Nathaniel Bacon
This man was the leader of Bacons Rebellion in 1676 when his militia defeated William Berkely's forces and set fire to Jamestown.
75
The Great Awakening
This religious fervor of the 1630s revived religion. Religious rebirth. 1-one of the foundations of the democratization of colonial society. 2- new light ministers were educated in universities. 3- new light preachers inspired people

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