Red cards Flashcards
(163 cards)
0
Q
The Missouri Compromise
A
Bills proposed by Henry clay that….
- allowed Missouri as slave state
- Maine as free state
- slavery not permitted in states above 36’30 line.
1
Q
The tariff of 1816
A
Tax created to prevent cheap British goods from flooding the market and injuring American manufacturing.
2
Q
Tallmadge amendment
A
This amendment was added to Missouri’s bid for statehood. This did not allow any more slaves to be brought into Missouri and provide emancipation of children of Missouri slaves.
3
Q
The Rush-Bagot Treaty
A
This treaty provided for the disarmament of the Great Lakes and frontier borders.
4
Q
The Adams-Onis Treaty
A
This treaty provided for the U.S. purchase of Florida from Spain in 1819.
5
Q
The Monroe Doctrine
A
Name for an address by James Monroe in 1823, designed to check the power of Europe.
6
Q
Erie Canal
A
This waterway linked the Great Lakes with the Hudson River
7
Q
The American System
A
This system included…
- recharter of the bank of the U.S.
- the building turnpikes, roads, and canals.
8
Q
Eli Whitney
A
This man invented the cotton gin in 1793.
9
Q
Nativists
A
This group was part of the movement against the influx of Irish and German immigrants.
10
Q
Joseph Smith
A
This man organized the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or the Mormon church.
11
Q
Fredrick Douglass
A
This man published THE NORTH STAR, an antislavery journal that chronicled the ugliness of slavery for readers.
12
Q
Sarah and Angelina Grimke
A
These abolitionists voiced their opposition to male dominance, starting dialogue about women’s roles
13
Q
Sojourner Truth
A
This woman (along with harriet tubman) helped fugitive slaves flee slave states in the U.S through the Underground Railroad.
14
Q
Harriet Tubman
A
This woman (along with sojourner truth) helped fugitive slaves flee slave states in the U.S through the Underground Railroad.
15
Q
Horace Mann
A
This man was the leader of the movement to reform the public school system in the U.S.
16
Q
Dorothea Dix
A
This woman crusaded for the improvement of the American mental institutions.
17
Q
Charles G. Finney
A
Presbyterian minister known for his “fire and brimstone” sermons.
18
Q
Kitchen cabinet
A
Term used to describe Jackson’s unofficial cabinet.
19
Q
Spoils system
A
Andrew Jackson was a proponent of this system, appointing those who supported his campaign with government positions.
20
Q
The shakers
A
This group was led by “Mother” Ann Lee known for their “shaking” as they felt the spirit of god.
21
Q
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
A
The Mormon church founded by Joseph smith in 1830.
22
Q
Transcendentalists
A
This group embodied the romantic spirit of the U.S. by embracing self-reliance.
23
Q
LibertyParty
A
This organization formed as a splinter from the American antislavery society.
24
American Antislavery Society
Organization founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison which strove to get rid of slavery.
25
American Temperance Society
Organization that encouraged drinkers to limit their intake of alcohol and eventually become abstinent.
26
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Author of Scarlett Letter book
27
Henry David Thoreau
Transcendentalist writer who spoke throughout the country and wrote essays about the state of man. Most influential essay was "On Civil Disobedience."
28
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Transcendentalist writer who encouraged the forging of a unique American identity.
29
Brigham Young
New Mormon leader after Joseph smith.
30
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (Thomas Jefferson's cousin and a federalist)
31
Lewis and Clark
Explorers appointed by president Jefferson to explore the vast new U.S. territory beginning in 1804.
32
Compact theory
Belief based on the idea that the federal gov was formed because of compact between states
33
Elastic clause
Clause in the constitution granting congress "implied powers" to pass laws that were "necessary and proper."
34
Strict constructionist
Term describing one who believes in the strict interpretation of a document.
35
Scorched earth
This policy required troops to burn and destroy fields, homes, and cities as they marched through Georgia. (Compelling southerners to surrender) led by William Sherman
36
Writ of habeas corpus
Legal action meaning that the federal gov cannot hold an individual in jail without charges against them.
37
Ironclads
Term used to describe Naval ships that were first launched in 1862
38
Greenbacks
Paper currency used in place of gold during wartime
39
Appomattox Court House
This is the location the confederate army officially surrendered on April 9, 1865
40
New York Draft Riots
Uprisings that occurred as a result of the union's first federal law to draft young men into the military in 1863.
41
Freedmen
Name given to former slaves who fled to the north
42
Copperheads
Name of the northern and western democrats in congress who wished for an end of the civil war.
43
Ulysses s. grant
Union general who surrounded general lee when he surrendered
44
Robert E. Lee
Military genius and general in confederate army who defeated union troops at battle of Fredericksburg. Later surrendered to general Ulysses s. grant
45
Popular sovereignty
Concept that the issue of slavery would be decided by the citizens of the territory.
46
Harper's Ferry
Location of an attack that occurred at a federal arsenal in Virginia.
47
Neutrality proclamation of 1793
Proclamation that came about because of Alexander Hamilton's desire to maintain trade relationships with the British.
48
Jay's Treaty
Treaty that called for the removal of British forts in the west
49
John C. Calhoun
Outspoken South Carolina man who outlined his anger of the south into essays.
50
Anti-Masons
New political party that arose in 1832 to challenge the old 2-party system.
51
Whigs
Political party founded to oppose Andrew Jackson (originally known as the national republicans)
52
Panic of 1837
Financial crisis that came about when federal funds were removed from the bank of the US and put into state banks.
53
The southern Carolina exposition
Document written by John c. Calhoun which outlined the anger of the south about the tariff of 1828.
54
Trail of tears
Trek that occurred in 1838 as a result of the gov forcibly removing the Cherokee from Georgia.
55
Gibbons v. Ogden
Court case of 1824 that ruled that NY could not issue a monopoly to a steamboat company
56
Specie Circular
Issuance by Andrew Jackson that required the payment for the purchase of federal land be made in hard coin.
57
The Hartford convention
Meeting comprised of a radical group of New England federalists which met to discuss ways to demand the federal gov to pay them for loss of trade
58
Battle of New Orleans
Battle led by Andrew Jackson preventing the English attempt to control the Mississippi River.
59
Battle of tippecanoe
General Harrison and his men successfully fought against a pair of Shawnee brothers in a surprise attack and burned the tribal settlement at this location
60
Essex junto
Small group of radical federalists
61
Andrew Jackson
American war hero and general that led southern troops against the British in 1814
62
Burr conspiracy
Plan to take away Mexico from the spainards and join it with Louisiana territory
63
Tripolitan wars
War started when pirates in North Africa seized US ships, resulting in a 4-year war.
64
Napoleonic war
War between British and French punishing each other by issuing decrees that would blockade trade
65
John adams
First Vice President
66
House of Representatives
Branch of gov comprised of members that reflect the population of individual states
67
Senate
In this branch of gov, each state should have one vote and no more.
68
Pinckney treaty
Treaty settled the boundaries and navigation rights along the Mississippi River
69
Tecumseh and the Prophet
Shawnee brothers that organized a large native confederacy to prevent the American advance westward
70
Macon's Bill number 2
Bill that sought to lift trade restrictions against Britain or France but only after those nations agreed to honor US neutrality
71
Peculiar institution
Term used to describe slavery
72
The star spangled banner
Song written by Francis Scott key while he was a prisoner of a British ship in 1814 to show his love for his country
73
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty that ended the war of 1812
74
Midnight judges
Term refers to the men that president John adams worked through the nights of his last days in office to appoint.
75
American party
Aka know-nothing party. Political group that was an extreme wing if the nativist movement
76
Corrupt bargain
Term used to describe the incident in the election of 1824 when no candidate had a majority of electoral votes and house of rep had to choose president.
77
Era of good feeling
Time period named by a US newspaper that was ascribed to James Monroe's presidency. Noted for sense of independence and national pride but also had tension regarding tariffs, slavery and political power
78
The panic of 1819
Crisis when the second bank of the US over speculated on western land and attempted to curb inflation by pulling back on credit for state banks
79
Alien acts
Laws that increased the residency requirement for citizenship from 5 to 14 years and gave the president power to deport aliens in times of war
80
Sedition act
Law that made it illegal to criticize the president or congress
81
Wilmot Proviso
Amendment aimed to forbid slavery in the new land acquired by the war with Mexico
82
Bear flag republic
Name that Carolina called itself after being declared independent following the end of the Mexican war.
83
Fugitive slave law
Law designed to reenslave those slaves who had made it to freedom
84
Non-intercourse act of 1809
Act passed in the last days of Jefferson's presidency to replace the embargo act.
85
Embargo act
Act passed in 1807 prohibiting US merchant vessels from anchoring at any foreign port
86
Milan decree
1807 decree by Napoleon that authorized his navy to seize any foreign ship traveling to Europe
87
Orders in council
British response to napoleons Berlin decree
88
Berlin decree
Decree by Napoleon in 1806 that was an attempt to cut Britain off from the rest if the world
89
Twelfth Amendment
1804- this amendment to the constitution called for electors to the electoral college to specify which ballot was being cast for the office of president and which was being used for vp.
90
Central government
This governments power exceeds the power of the states.
91
Separation of powers
Central idea behind having 3 independent branches of government.
92
Factions
Another term used to describe political parties
93
Worcester v. Georgia
1832 court case that the Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall ruled the nullification of Georgia state laws within the Cherokee territory
94
Bull Run
Battle in July 1861 where confederate men led by stonewall Jackson sent union troops scrambling to Washington, D.C.
95
Electoral college
Representative body that elects the president
96
Federalists
Name given to those in favor of the constitution and a strong central government.
97
Anti-federalists
Name given to those in opposition to the Constitution and in favor of strong states rights
98
Bank of United States
This institution supported by Alexander Hamilton was where the national treasury would keep its deposits
99
Gadsden purchase
The Mesilla Valley in the southernmost desert region of New Mexico and Arizona was transferred to the United States from Mexico
100
Confederate states of America
South Carolina legislature voted to secede from the union when Abraham Lincoln was elected Pres. And made their own country with pres Jefferson Davis
101
The constitutional union party
Political party formed as a concern that the southern states secede if Lincoln was elected in 1860.
102
Border ruffians
Name of the group of proslavery farmers from nearby Missouri settling along the border in order to vote.
103
Republican Party
New political party including Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers and Know-nothings
104
49ers
Name for the rough group of young men that loved adventure and moved west following the discovery of gold in 1848
105
Free-soil party
Political party made up of anti-slavery advocates from all political parties preaching "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men"
106
Apologists
This group led by George fitzhugh spoke of the happy lives of southern slaves who were clothed, fed and housed by the slaveowners
107
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Author of Uncle Toms Cabin in 1852
108
Virginia plan
Plan that called for representation in both houses to be based solely on population or proportional representation
109
New Jersey plan
Plan That asked for a full representation regardless of the number of citizens of the State.
110
Great compromise
This meant that large states were appeased by the House of Representatives, comprised of members that reflected the population of individual states
111
Three-fifths compromise
Compromise that southern slaves would be counted as a fraction of a citizen
112
Bill of rights
Document added to the Constitution to protect individual freedoms and state sovereignty.
113
The Federalist papers
Documents written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, meant to encourage ratification of the Constitution in New York
114
The Judiciary act of 1789
Act that established a Supreme Court consisting of one presiding Chief Justice and five associate justices.
115
Report on public credit
Document written by Sec. of the treasury Alexander Hamilton that set out to repair the nation's failing financial help
116
Report on public manufactures
Document written by Sec. of the treasury Alexander Hamilton in 1791 promoting the industrialization of United States and advocated strong protective tariffs to protect industry
117
Revenue act of 1789
This act placed 8% tariff on imports
118
The Pacific Railway act of 1862
This act approved the building of a transcontinental railroad that would utterly transform the west by linking the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific.
119
The Morrill land-grant of 1862
Gave federal lands to states for the purpose of building schools that would teach agriculture and technical trades
120
The Homestead act 1862
Act that granted 160 acres to any family that would agree to farm it for at least five years
121
13th amendment
This amendment calls for the abolishment of slavery
122
The Emancipation Proclamation
This proclamation issued by Pres. Lincoln declared freedom of all slaves in Confederate states on January 1, 1863
123
Anaconda plan
The first of the four-part plan to wear down the Confederacy devised by Union Gen. Winfield Scott 1861
124
Gettysburg
This was the deadliest and most important battle of the civil war were some 53,000 men were either killed or wounded. The Confederates would not have another victory in the course of the war after this battle.
125
Antietam
This battle was a turning point of the civil war, keeping the confederates from gaining foreign assistance. Bloodiest day of the war.
126
Second battle of Bull Run
General Lee took advantage of the change in union leadership in the East to engage Union troops again at Manassas.
127
Treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo
Treaty that ended the Mexican war and granted California and most of the Southwest to the United States in February 1848
128
Farewell address
This speech was made by George Washington upon leaving the office of the president in 1797
129
Whiskey rebellion
This event took place as a result to the tax which was imposed on the whiskey backwoods farmers distilled to supplement their income
130
XYZ Affair
This event occurred when John Adams sent a delegation to Paris in 1797 in order to negotiate an agreement where French vessels would stop seizing American vessels.
131
The convention of 1800
This meeting took place between American envoys and French Foreign Minister Talleyrand and Napoleon. Negotiated a settlement to prevent full-scale war between the US and France. Resulted in a full on war with France.
132
Tariff of 1828
Also known as the tariff abominations. New Englanders pushed for this tax to protect themselves from foreign competitors
133
Tariff of 1832
This tariff was lowered from 45% duties to 35%
134
Force Bill
This bill gave the president the power to use military force to collect tariffs
135
Indian removal act
This act was signed into law in 1830 providing for the immediate resettlement of Native Americans living in Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Illinois.
136
Cherokee nation v. Virginia
This court case came about as a result of the Seminole Indians being forcibly removed from their homelands. The court ruled that the tribe had no rights for jurisdiction
137
Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!
This slogan was used in the campaign of William Henry Harrison, a war hero, and John Tyler. This pair won the 1840 election.
138
Democratic-Republicans
The new name for anti-Federalists who sought to limit the powers of the central government in favor of greater states rights
139
Oregon Trail
Dangerous path used by thousands in the mid-1840s, taking up to six months to reach destination
140
The French Revolution
This war took place between 1789 and 1793 challenging America's sovereignty, since George Washington had to decide her loyalties would lie.
141
Judiciary act of 1801
This act was passed before the Congress to be turned over to the majority Republicans, it created 16 new judgeships.
142
Sam Houston
This man led Texans in a revolt against Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna making Texas an independent republic from Mexico.
143
Call of domesticity
Belief that women's roles were clearly defined as homemakers and mothers
144
Perfectionism
Belief system that promoted the idea that humankind could have a life that resembled the life of Jesus.
145
Underground Railroad
An elaborate network that helped fugitive slaves flee the United States or reach free states.
146
Seneca falls
Location in New York was the site of the meeting with feminist leadership, declaring that all men and women are created equal.
147
"On civil disobedience"
Influential essay written by Henry David Dorado that advocated passive resistance as a form of justifiable protest
148
Walden
Book written by Henry David thoreau that Chronicled his self initiated experiment where he excluded himself from society by living in seclusion in the woods for two years.
149
Declaration of sentiments
Document drafted by the feminist leaders who met in Seneca Falls, New York declaring that all men and women are created equal.
150
The North star
Anti-slavery journal published by Frederick Douglass that chronicled the ugliness of slavery for leaders.
151
Maine Law
This law completely prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in this state
152
Nat Turner's rebellion
An uprising led by a Virginia slave in 1831
153
Knickerbockers
This New York group which included Washington Irving.. they started the trend of American fiction.
154
The Oneida Commune
This group founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848 was meant to be the shining example of equality between all members
155
Bleeding Kansas
Name given to the area where fighting broke out among the pro and anti-slavery factions at the border.
156
Freeport doctrine
This document written by Stephen Douglas stated that communities would have to pass and enforce laws to protect the institution of slavery for it to exist
157
Dred Scott v. Sanford
The Supreme Court ruling that the Missouri compromise of 1820 forbade slavery north of the 36 30 line
158
Lecompton constitution
Document drafted by a group of Missourians who traveled across the border to Kansas and organized a proslavery government hoping to create a new state
159
The Kansas Nebraska act
This all came about when Sen. Stephen Douglas proposed to divide the Nebraska territory into 2 regions.
160
The compromise of 1850
Series of laws that were a method of averting a national crisis as a result of conflicting beliefs between radical southerners and other states.
161
James Madison
Delegate from Virginia providing the cornerstones for the development of the Constitution
162
Morgan Smyth
That is okay Jonjay
