blue cards

Question 1

volcanic massive sulphide deposits

Answer 1

midocean ridge, cold, salty water penetrates faults and other cracks in the ocean floor

Question 2

magmatic cooling

Answer 2

metals such as iron and chromium can be concentrated by gravitational settling of heavy minerals

Question 3

hydrothermal process

Answer 3

-water warmed can be generated by the warming of ground water or seawater
-the higher the water temperature the greater amount of stuff the water can hold in solution

Question 4

the slope angle

Answer 4

increasing the slope; increasing the driving force

Question 5

blowouts

Answer 5

shallow depressions of dirt/dust

Question 6

deflation

Answer 6

wind carries particles away

Question 7

how much of earths surface is covered by deserts

Answer 7

30%

Question 8

desert

Answer 8

an area/region, lacking moisture, often exposing expanses of barren rock and sediment and hosting climatic conditions

Question 9

ore

Answer 9

mineral body that be mined at profit

Question 10

what type of metals is lowest in weight %

Answer 10

silver, platinum, gold, copper, nickel, zinc

Question 11

two fusible metal categories

Answer 11

-precious metals: metals of high intrisic value
-base metals: low intrinsic value

Question 12

metal

Answer 12

metals of moderate hardness that can be fused with other metals to form alloys

Question 13

economic factors that qualify a mineral body to be called an ore?

Answer 13

-concentration of the metals
-size of the orebody
-cost associated with infrastructure
-market value of metals of interest

Question 14

steep slopes prone to mass wasting?

Answer 14

natural and man made slopes

Question 15

natural slopes

Answer 15

-river banks
-mountain slopes
-fault surfaces
-wave-cut shorelines
-glacial valleys

Question 16

man made

Answer 16

-road cuts
-excavation projects
-gravel pits
-quarres
-drainage ditches

Question 17

types of material moved

Answer 17

-brittle solid material (rock)
-cohesive solid material (rocks or clay rich soils)
-loose particles (particles of soil, mud, debris of assorted sizes)

Question 18

4 main types of deserts

Answer 18

-subtropical deserts
-polar deserts
-mid latitude deserts
-semi-arid regions

Question 19

the three types of mass wasting classifications

Answer 19

-type of movement
-type of material moved
-rate of movement

Question 20

types of movement

Answer 20

-falling
-sliding
-flowing

Question 21

skarn characteristics

Answer 21

rec chalcocite crystals in marble skarn

Question 22

skarns

Answer 22

chemical sedimentary rocks affected by contact metamorphism can host deposits called skarns

Question 23

two wind depositions

Answer 23

loess and sand

Question 24

loess

Answer 24

winblown silt and clay

Question 25

sand

Answer 25

sand sized particles of resistant minerals commonly moulded by wind into dunes

Question 26

mass wasting?

Answer 26

the downslope movement of rock or regolith driven by the source/force of gravity

Question 27

vein deposits

Answer 27

-metal rich fluids metals penetrate larger fractures, they form mineral filled veins -gold sometimes found in spaces between quartz crystals

Question 28

know deposits

Answer 28

inferrred to exist, but not yet economically, legally or technologically recoverable

Question 29

bauxite

Answer 29

readily dissolved ions are washed away from the soil, leaving a residue rich in gibbsite

Question 30

abrasion

Answer 30

sediment particles carried in suspension can polish solid surface of exposed rock

Question 31

controls of mass wasting

Answer 31

-properties of material involved -slope angle -water content of material -removal of vegetation -mass movement triggers

Question 32

subtropical deserts

Answer 32

-high pressure belts between Hadley and ferell cells, dry air flows downward

Question 33

banded iron does not form today because?

Answer 33

-oxygen in the atmosphere rusts iron on land -most silica dissolved in the sea is used by organisms to make their skeletons

Question 34

three types of circulation cells

Answer 34

hadley cells, polar cells and ferrell cells

Question 35

polar deserts

Answer 35

-high pressure regions, dry air flows downward

Question 36

2 physical components of a dessert

Answer 36

water and wind

Question 37

what happens when you add water to material on a slope?

Answer 37

the presence of water can increase the cohesion of loose particles and adding water can destabilize the material

Question 38

mass movement triggers

Answer 38

-vibrations -liquefication of water -any added stress on a material

Question 39

removal of vegetation

Answer 39

the roots of plants anchor loose material such as soil in place on a slope

Question 40

rockslide

Answer 40

blocks of solid, brittle rock slide down a planar surface

Question 41

slump

Answer 41

materials move as coherent blocks along curved surfaces

Question 42

non renewable sources

Answer 42

cannot be replenished within human lifespan

Question 43

renewable resources

Answer 43

replenished over relatively short time spans

Question 44

reserves

Answer 44

already identified deposits from which minerals and fuel materials can be extracted legally and economically with current technology

Question 45

resource

Answer 45

endowment of materials useful to people and ultimately available commercially

Question 46

disseminated deposits

Answer 46

pressure from intrusion generates lots of microscopic cracks

Question 47

panning

Answer 47

the size of gold particles can range from dust sized or pea sized or larger