BMS 107 Blood

Question 0

Describe the 3 main components of blood. what is hematocrit and how is it determined? What are the normal female and male values?

Answer 0

Plasma, erythrocytes and buffy coat; Hematocrit is the % of the red blood cells in one’s blood; Females - 38% - 46%, males 42% - 56%

Question 1

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 1

1. Transportation (O2, CO2 and nutrients)
2. Regulation (temperature, Ph level, total body fluid volume)
3. Protection (immune response, white blood cells)

Question 2

What are the components of plasma? What protein is found in highest concentration in blood plasma?

Answer 2

Water, proteins and other solutes; Albumins are the most common protein found in plasma

Question 3

How are red blood cells different from “normal” cells?

Answer 3

Mature red blood cells lack nuclei and other organelles.

Question 4

Why do red blood cells have a biconcave shape?

Answer 4

It increases surface area

Question 5

What molecule inside red blood cells allows them to carry O2 and CO2?

Answer 5

Hemoglobin

Question 6

What is the structure of hemoglobin?

Answer 6

Hemoglobin consists of four globin protein molecules.

Question 7

What is erythropoesis and where does it occur?

Answer 7

The processes of erythrocyte (red blood cell) production; made in red bone marrow

Question 8

Where do red blood cells go to die?

Answer 8

The spleen and liver

Question 9

Where is recycled iron stored?

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

How long are red blood cells in the blood stream? Why don’t they last longer?

Answer 10

120 days; no organelles to repair them

Question 11

What is bilirubin?

Answer 11

A component of a digestive secretion called bile, which is produced by liver cells. Made from broken down heme.

Question 12

What are the function of white blood cells?

Answer 12

They help initiate an immune response and defend the body against pathogens.

Question 13

Define chemotaxis and diapedesis as they relate to white blood cells.

Answer 13

Chemotaxis: follows chemicals to move

Diapedesis: leaves the blood vessels to the intercellular fluid

Question 14

Describe Neutorphils.

Answer 14

Granulocytes, make up 65% of white blood cells, increase in number during infections, use phagocytosis.

Question 15

Describe Lymphocytes.

Answer 15

Agranulocytes; T-cells and B-cells; secrete antibodies

Question 16

Describe Monocytes.

Answer 16

Agranulocytes; use phagocytosis; called macrophages in CT

Question 17

Describe Eosinophils.

Answer 17

Granulocytes; phagocytosis of antibody antigen complexes and allergens

Question 18

Describe Basophils.

Answer 18

Granulocytes; more common in interstitial fluid; release histamine (causing vasodilation); releases heparin (decreases blood clotting); responsible for classic allergy symptoms

Question 19

Are platelets cells? What is their function?

Answer 19

No; help with blood clotting

Question 20

What are the basic components required for a blood clot?

Answer 20

Platelets
Fibrin
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Calcium
Vitamin K