BMS 107 Brain Flashcards
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What is the brain’s volume and weight?
Volume: 1200 - 1400 cc
Weight 1.4 kg
What are the four major regions of the brain?
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Cerebellum
What is the definition of rostral?
Towards the front (synonymous with anterior)
What is the definition of caudal?
Towards the back (synonymous with posterior)
What is the term for the peaks of the folds of the brain?
Gyrus
What is the term for the valleys of the folds of the brain?
Sulcus
Where is the Cerebrum located?
The “mushroom cap” of the brain.
Where is the diencephalon located?
The center of the cerebrum.
Where is the brainstem located?
Inferior to the cerebrum. Connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord.
Where is the cerebellum located?
Inferior to cerebrum, posterior to brainstem.
What are the three primary vesicles of the brain that from after 4 weeks of development?
- Prosencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Rhombencephalon
What are the five secondary vesicles that develop by the fifth week of embryonic development?
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephalon
What does the Prosencephalon develop into in the fifth week of embryonic development?
- Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
What does the Mesencephalon develop into in the fifth week of embryonic development?
Mesencephalon
What does the Rhombencephalon develop into in the fifth week of embryonic development?
- Metencephalon
2. Myelencephalon
What are the two types of neural tissue in the brain?
Gray matter and white matter.
What is gray matter composed of?
Neuron cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons.
What is the white matter composed of?
Myelinated axons
What type of matter is the cerebral cortex made of?
Gray matter
What are the cranial meninges? What is their function?
Three connective tissue layers that help support and protect the brain.
What are the three layers of the cranial meninges?
- Dura mater
- Arachoid
- Pia mater
What are the three functions of the cranial meninges?
- Separate the soft tissue of the brain from the cranial bones.
- Enclose & protect the blood vessels.
- Contain and circulate the cerebrospinal fluid.
List the 3 layers of the cranial meninges from superficial to deep.
- dura mater
- arachoid
- pia mater
What is the Cranial Dura Septa?
A cranial partition that provides stabilization and support.
What is an example of a specific cranial dura septa?
Falx cerebri
What are the large veins that drain blood from the brain into the internal jugular?
Dural venous sinuses
What is another term for a vein?
Sinus
What are the cavities within the brain that contain CSF?
Ventricles
How many ventricles are in the brain?
four
What are the two lateral ventricles separated by?
Septum pellucidum
What are the 3 functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
- Buoyancy
- Protection
- Environmental Stability
What is the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) made of?
Capillary endothelial cells and astrocyte perivascular feet.
What is the function of the BBB?
It regulates what substances can enter the interstitial fluids of the brain.
Name the ventricles of the brain.
Lateral ventricles, third ventricle and fourth ventricle
Where are “higher functions” located in the brain?
Cerebrum
What is the type of matter on the cerbral cortex?
Gray matter
The internal layer of the cerebrum is made of what type of matter?
White matter