BMS 107 Digestive System I Flashcards
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List the six functions of the digestive system.
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Propulsion
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Excretion
Describe the path that food follows through the alimentary canal.
Oral cavity pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine
What are the six accessory digestive organs?
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Salivary glands
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
What are the two types of food propulsion?
Peristalsis
Segmentation
List the major digestive structures of the oral cavity.
- Cheeks, lips and palate
- Tongue
- Salivary glands
- Teeth
What are the anatomical abnormalities and complications of cleft palate?
Incomplete formation of the two halves of the hard and soft palate during gestation. Complications include feeding difficulty, ear infections, hearing loss, speech and language delay, and dental problems.
What accessory digestive organs are involved in forming a bolus?
The cheeks, lips, palate, tongue, teeth and Savilary glands.
What are the functions of saliva? Locate the 3 Savilary glands and describe the two types of cells that contain.
- Moistens food to form a bolus
- Moistens and cleans the mouth
- Chemical digestion (Savilary amylase begins carb breakdown)
- Antibacterial action
- Dissolves food for taste
What is mumps?
A common childhood disease characterized by inflammation of the parotid gland; virus spread by saliva.
What is the major function of each of the four types of permanent teeth?
- Incisors: cutting and slicing
- Canines: puncturing and tearing
- Premolars: crushing and grinding
- Molars: crushing and grinding
Which regions of the pharynx are utilized by the digestive system? How is food kept out of the respiratory pathway (both the nasal cavity and the larynx)?
oropharynx and laryngopharynx; uvula and epiglottis
Which kind of epithelial tissue do you expect to find in the initial portions of the digestive pathway?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Name the esophageal sphincters. What is the primary structure in preventing acid reflux (hint: not actually an esophageal sphincter)?
Superior esophageal sphincter and inferior esophageal sphincter; the esophageal hiatus
Describe the steps of swallowing, be sure to differentiate voluntary from involuntary stages.
Voluntary phase: Bolus of food is pushed by the tongue against hard palate and then moves towards oropharynx.
Pharyngeal phase: (involuntary) As bolus moves into oropharynx, the soft palate and uvula close off nasopharynx, and the larynx elevates so the epiglottis closes over laryngeal opening.
Esophageal phase: (involuntary) peristaltic contractions of the esophageal muscle push bolus toward stomach; soft palate, uvula, and larynx return to their pre-swallowing positions.
How many layers of muscle does the stomach have? Why? What type of muscle is it?
The stomach possesses three layers of muscle to aid in the mechanical processing of ingested materials; Smooth muscle