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From Flashcardlet > BMS 107 The study of cells > Flashcards

BMS 107 The study of cells Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a micrometer?

A

1/1000 meter

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1
Q

What is cell size measured in?

A

Micrometers

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2
Q

How large is a red blood cell?

A

7 micrometers

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3
Q

What is the size of an oocyte?

A

120 micrometers

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4
Q

What are the three types of microscopy?

A
  1. Light Microscopy (LM)
  2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
  3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
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5
Q

What are the 8 functions of cells?

A
  1. Covering
  2. Lining
  3. Storage
  4. Movement
  5. Connections
  6. Defense
  7. Communication
  8. Reproduction
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6
Q

What are the two main components of the plasma cell membrane?

A

Proteins & lipids

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7
Q

What are the three basic parts of a cell?

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma cell membrane

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8
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

A nonspecific term for all materials, both liquid and solid, between the plasma cell membrane and the nucleus.

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9
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain?

A

Cytosol and organelles

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10
Q

What are organelles?

A

The little organs of a cell.

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11
Q

What are the two types of organelles?

A

Membrane bound and non-membrane bound.

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12
Q

List the 5 membrane bound orgnelles.

A
  1. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  2. Gogli Apparatus
  3. Lysosomes
  4. Peroxisomes
  5. Mitochondria
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13
Q

What are the two types of Endoplasc reticulum?

A

Smooth and rough

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14
Q

What are the functions of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A
  1. Synthesis, transport and storage of lipids
  2. Metabolism of carbohydrates
  3. Detoxification of drugs, alcohol and poisons
  4. Calcium storage
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15
Q

What are the functions of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A
  1. Synthesis of protein for secretion
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16
Q

What is the only organelle that is able to synthesize protein?

A

Ribosomes

17
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

To receive proteins from the RER and modify, sort and package these molecules for secretion.

18
Q

What are the functions of Lysosomes?

A

To digest and remove waste products and damaged organelles within a cell.

19
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

Membrane sacs with digestive enzymes.

20
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

Vesicles smaller than lysosomes with specific enzymes.

21
Q

What are the functions of peroxisomes?

A

Uses oxygen and enzymes to detoxify harmful molecules taken into the cell.

22
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

A double membrane organelle that produces energy (ATP).

23
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

To produce energy (ATP).

24
Q

Which type of organelle is in direct contact with cytosol?

A

Non-membrane bound organelles

25
Q

What is contained in the cytosol?

A

Ions, nutrients, proteins, carbs and amino acids

26
Q

List the 5 non-membrane bound organelles.

A
  1. Ribosomes
  2. Cytoskeleton
  3. Centrosomes and centrioles
  4. Cilia and flagella
  5. Microvilli
27
Q

Ribosomes can be both _____ and _____.

A

Fixed, free

28
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

Protein organized throughout the cytosol in either filaments or hollow tubes.

29
Q

What are the three structures that compose the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Intermediate filaments
  3. Microtubules
30
Q

What is the function of the microfilaments?

A

To maintain the cell shape

31
Q

What is the function of the intermediate filaments?

A

Structural support

32
Q

What are the functions of the microtubules?

A

Provide structural support, direct movement, move chromosomes at cell division.

33
Q

What are centrosomes and centrioles?

A

Proteins attached to the chromosomes during cell division causing chromosomal migration.

34
Q

What are cilia and flagella?

A

Projections extending from the cell - both are capable of movement.

35
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

To move fluid, mucus and materials over the cell surface.

36
Q

What is the function of the flagella?

A

To propel sperm in human males.

37
Q

What is the microvilli?

A

Numerous thin membrane folds that project from the cell surface.

38
Q

Are microvilli capable of motion?

A

No

39
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

To increase the surface area of the cell which increases the absorption rate.

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