BMS 108 Ch. 13 Blood, Heart and Circulation Flashcards
This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator
What two other systems does the circulatory system encompass?
cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
What is the function of the circulatory system?
- Transportation of respiratory gases
- Delivery of nutrients and hormones
- Waste removal
What does the cardiovascular system contribute to the circulatory system?
Heart pumps blood through the cardiovascular system
Blood vessels carry blood from the heart to the cells and back (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins)
What does the lymphatic system contribute to the circulatory system?
Picks up excess fluid filtered out in the capillary beds and returns it to the veins
Blood consists of ______ _____ (cells) suspended and carried in _______ (fluid part).
formed elements; plasma
What is the appoximate total blood volume in a person?
5 liters
What does plasma consist of?
H2O and dissolved solutes (ions, proteins, small organic molecules, hormones, antibodies)
What percentage of blood plamsa in composed of plasma proteins?
7-9%
What are the three major types of plasma protein?
- albumin
- globulin
- fibrinogen
How much of the proteins in plasma is albumin?
60%
What is the primary function of albumin?
It has a large effect on osmotic pressure, thereby regulating blood volume.
What is another name for osmotic pressure?
colloid pressure
oncotic pressure
What is the function of globulin?
lipid transport (including fat soluble vitamins)
What is the function of fibrinogen?
fibrinogen is affected by the enzyme thrombin and forms into fibrin. Fibrin is used for blood clotting.
What is another name for platelets?
thrombocytes
What are platelets?
The smallest of formed elements.
Lack nucleus, they are not true cells.
They are fragments from bone marrow.
Constitute the most mass of blood clots
Survive for 5-9 days
What is hemostasis?
Cessation of bleeding
What are the reactions initiated by an injured blood vessel?
- Platelets release serotonin, which cause vasoconstriction to the injured area.
- Platelet plug forms by binding to the exposed collagen - plug and surrounding area are infiltrated by a web of fibrin forming a clot
What is a “platelet release reaction”?
Platelets stick to collagen and release ADP, serotonin and thomboxane A2
What are all the components needed to form a blood clot?
- Platelets
- RBCs
- Fibrin
- Calcium
- Vitamin K
What process does the platelet plug undergo to form a more compact plug?
plug contraction
Why are calcium and vitamin k needed to form blood clots?
Vitamin K and Calcium are required to allow the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
How does a blood clot go away?
Specific body chemicals eventually dissolve the clot.
What are anticoagulants?
“blood thinners”
Does an anticoagulant work by changing the viscosity of the blood?
no
What are four common anticoagulants?
- EDTA or sodium citrate - Ca++ chelator (soaks up extra Ca++)
- Coumatin/Warfarin - blocks vitamin K activity
- Heparin - blocks thrombin activity
- Aspirin - inhibits platelet release reaction